The present study presents three-dimensional investigations of a hydrostatic pingo in the Mackenzie Delta region and a hydraulic pingo in the Ogilvie Mountains and contributes to a better understanding about the internal structures of the two pingo types. A combined approach using quasi-three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography, ground-penetrating radar and frost probing allowed a clear delineation of frozen and unfrozen areas in the subsurface. At the hydrostatic pingo a massive ice core as well as a surrounding talik could be detected, but the location of the ice core and the talik differs from previous published assumptions. In contrast to acknowledged theory, at our site the massive ice core is not located in the center of the pingo but at the western edge, whereas the eastern flank is underlain by a talik, which surrounds the massive ice core. At the hydraulic pingo, the expected internal structure could be confirmed and the pathway of upwelling water could also be detected. The combined approach of the applied methods represents the first known three-dimensional geoelectrical investigation of pingos and provides new insights into the internal structure and architecture of the two different pingo types. The chosen approach allows further conclusions on the formation of these permafrost-affected landforms.

中文翻译：

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加拿大西北部开放和封闭系统Pingo的三维调查

本研究对 Mackenzie Delta 地区的静水 pingo 和 Ogilvie 山脉的水力 pingo 进行了三维调查，有助于更好地了解这两种 pingo 类型的内部结构。使用准三维电阻率层析成像、探地雷达和霜冻探测的组合方法可以清楚地描绘地下的冻结和未冻结区域。在静水坪上，可以检测到一个巨大的冰核以及周围的 talik，但冰核和 talik 的位置与之前公布的假设不同。与公认的理论相反，在我们的站点，巨大的冰核不是位于平果的中心，而是位于西部边缘，而东侧则是由 talik 下方形成的，围绕着巨大的冰核。在水力平戈，可以确认预期的内部结构，也可以检测上涌水的路径。应用方法的组合方法代表了第一个已知的 pingos 三维地电调查，并提供了对两种不同 pingo 类型的内部结构和结构的新见解。所选择的方法可以进一步得出关于这些受永久冻土影响的地貌形成的结论。应用方法的组合方法代表了第一个已知的 pingos 三维地电调查，并提供了对两种不同 pingo 类型的内部结构和结构的新见解。所选择的方法可以进一步得出关于这些受永久冻土影响的地貌形成的结论。应用方法的组合方法代表了第一个已知的 pingos 三维地电调查，并提供了对两种不同 pingo 类型的内部结构和结构的新见解。所选择的方法可以进一步得出关于这些受永久冻土影响的地貌形成的结论。