Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in drinking water are a major issue for the world. blaNDM-1 confers resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, which is one of the cures for fatal bacterial infections. The study aimed to identify coliform and other bacteria with sul-1, sul-2 and blaNDM-1 ARGs in drinking water. Members of the genera Klebsiella, Serratia, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter and Delftia were identified with Chromocult Coliform Agar, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing. blaNDM-1 genes were present in 7.8% of isolated bacteria. A weak but significant correlation was observed between coliform and TDS/EC/Hardness/Mg⁺²/Heterotrophic plate count (HPC). This research is the first study reporting blaNDM-1 in the drinking water of Karachi. This study indicates the biological contamination along with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in drinking water. It highlights the need for continuous monitoring and control of emerging contaminants in urban water supply for protection of public health and ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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大城市饮用水中的抗生素耐药菌和blaNDM-1基因

饮用水中的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 是世界面临的主要问题。bla NDM-1 赋予对碳青霉烯类抗生素的抗性，这是治疗致命细菌感染的方法之一。该研究旨在鉴定饮用水中具有sul -1、sul -2 和bla NDM-1 ARG 的大肠菌群和其他细菌。该属的成员克雷伯氏菌，沙雷氏菌属，柠檬酸杆菌属，假单胞菌属，气单胞菌属，不动杆菌属和代尔夫特进行鉴定Chromocult大肠菌琼脂，聚合酶链反应（PCR）和基因测序。布拉NDM-1 基因存在于 7.8% 的分离细菌中。在大肠菌群和 TDS/EC/硬度/Mg ⁺² /异养菌落计数 (HPC)之间观察到微弱但显着的相关性。这项研究是第一项报告卡拉奇饮用水中存在bla NDM-1 的研究。这项研究表明饮用水中存在生物污染以及抗生素抗性细菌和基因。它强调了对城市供水中新出现的污染物进行持续监测和控制的必要性，以保护公众健康和生态系统。