High-performance absorbers are in urgent demand for dealing with the increasing electromagnetic wave (EMW) pollution caused by the rapid development of information technology. Herein, we developed a simple SDS/HCl-assisted oxidative polymerization method for the controllable synthesis of nanorod-coated PANI hierarchical microtubes as an efficient EMW absorber. The morphological evolution can be expediently achieved from hierarchical microtubes and solid nanofibers to nanorods by adjusting the HCl concentration. The formation of PANI hierarchical microtubes is caused by the cooperation of SDS and the minimum surface energy. What is more, morphology-dependent conductivity and EMW absorption properties were systematically investigated. Owing to the hierarchical 1D hollow structure and carrier concentration, the ultimate conductivity reached 0.08 S/cm at [HCl] = 7.5 mM. The corresponding HCl-doped PANI hierarchical microtubes exhibited superior EMW absorption properties (EMWAPs) with a large absorption of −43.6 dB and a wide absorption band of 5.84 GHz in relation to a 1.55 mm thick sample. The excellent EMWAPs are the consequence of the high conductivity and distinctive 1D, hierarchical, and hollow structure, which generate enhanced permittivity, multiple resonances, strong attenuation capability, multiple scattering, and EM radiation. Owing to their tunable morphology, tunable conductivity, and excellent EMWAPs, the PANI hierarchical microtubes offer great promise for fields such as sensors, electronics, optics, catalysis, energy storage, and EMW absorption and shielding.

迫切需要高性能吸收器，以应对由于信息技术的迅猛发展而引起的电磁波（EMW）污染日益严重的问题。在这里，我们开发了一种简单的SDS / HCl辅助氧化聚合方法，可控制地合成纳米棒包覆的PANI分级微管，作为一种有效的EMW吸收剂。通过调节HCl浓度，可以方便地实现从分级微管和固体纳米纤维到纳米棒的形态演变。PANI分层微管的形成是由SDS和最小表面能的共同作用引起的。此外，系统地研究了形态依赖的电导率和EMW吸收特性。由于分层的一维中空结构和载流子浓度，最终电导率达到了0.08 S / cm在[HCl] = 7.5  mM时。相对于1.55毫米厚的样品，相应的HCl掺杂的PANI分层微管表现出优异的EMW吸收特性（EMWAP），具有-43.6  dB的大吸收率和5.84  GHz的宽吸收带 。出色的EMWAP是高电导率和独特的1D，分层和空心结构的结果，可产生增强的介电常数，多重共振，强大的衰减能力，多重散射和EM辐射。由于它们的形态，可调节的电导率和出色的EMWAP，PANI分级微管在传感器，电子，光学，催化，能量存储以及EMW吸收和屏蔽等领域具有广阔的前景。