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Advances in activated carbon modification, surface heteroatom configuration, reactor strategies, and regeneration methods for enhanced wastewater treatment
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering ( IF 7.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105626
Diego Ramón Lobato-Peralta , Estefanía Duque-Brito , Alejandro Ayala-Cortés , Arias Dulce María , Adriana Longoria , Ana Karina Cuentas-Gallegos , P.J. Sebastian , Patrick U. Okoye

This review elucidates recent advances and challenges in the surface modifications of activated carbon (AC), the configuration of heteroatoms on activated carbon surface, and the mechanisms of their contributions as functional groups, reactor strategies, and regeneration of exhausted activated carbon for enhanced wastewater treatment. The studies found that different surface modification strategies change the surface chemistry of activated carbon, incorporate heteroatoms necessary to facilitate adsorption, and ozone treatment could increase surface acidity due to the production of carboxylic acids and lactone. Also, the modification methods by plasma and ozone seriously impact the pore size distribution and topography of ACs. Heteroatoms of sulphur, phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen on the AC surface promote the adsorption of pollutants. Notable amongst the studied reactor strategies, microwave reactors present shorter activation time compared to other reactors. However, production in large volumes is still problematic with this type of reactor, and safety measures need to be strictly implemented to avoid radiation leaks. Although, regeneration of exhausted AC by thermal decomposition presents a facile and environmentally friendly route, however, this process adversely impacts the pore size distribution, surface area and often results in the loss of carbon materials. It is hoped that this study will provide detailed and recent knowledge on surface modifications of activated carbons, reactor strategies, and approaches to the regeneration of exhausted activated carbon.



中文翻译:

活性炭改性,表面杂原子构型,反应器策略以及用于增强废水处理的再生方法方面的进展

这篇综述阐明了活性炭(AC)的表面改性,活性炭表面上杂原子的构型及其作为官能团,反应器策略以及用尽的活性炭再生以增强废水处理的作用机理方面的最新进展和挑战。 。研究发现,不同的表面改性策略会改变活性炭的表面化学性质,并引入促进吸附所必需的杂原子,并且臭氧处理可能会由于羧酸和内酯的产生而增加表面酸度。而且,等离子体和臭氧的改性方法严重影响了AC的孔径分布和形貌。交流表面上的硫,磷,氧和氮的杂原子促进了污染物的吸附。在所研究的反应器策略中值得注意的是,与其他反应器相比,微波反应器的活化时间更短。但是,这种反应堆的大批量生产仍然存在问题,必须严格执行安全措施以避免辐射泄漏。尽管通过热分解再生废AC呈现出一种简便且对环境友好的途径,但是,此过程会对孔径分布,表面积产生不利影响,并经常导致碳材料的损失。希望这项研究将提供有关活性炭的表面改性,反应器策略以及耗尽的活性炭再生方法的详细和最新的知识。但是,这种反应堆的大批量生产仍然存在问题,必须严格执行安全措施以避免辐射泄漏。尽管通过热分解再生废AC呈现出一种简便且对环境友好的途径,但是,此过程会对孔径分布,表面积产生不利影响,并经常导致碳材料的损失。希望这项研究将提供有关活性炭的表面改性,反应器策略以及耗尽的活性炭再生方法的详细和最新的知识。但是,这种反应堆的大批量生产仍然存在问题,必须严格执行安全措施以避免辐射泄漏。尽管通过热分解再生废AC呈现出一种简便且对环境友好的途径,但是,此过程会对孔径分布,表面积产生不利影响,并经常导致碳材料的损失。希望这项研究将提供有关活性炭的表面改性,反应器策略以及耗尽的活性炭再生方法的详细和最新的知识。通过热分解来再生废AC的方法呈现出一种简便且环保的途径,但是,此过程会对孔径分布,表面积产生不利影响,并经常导致碳材料的损失。希望这项研究将提供有关活性炭的表面改性,反应器策略以及耗尽的活性炭再生方法的详细和最新的知识。通过热分解来再生废AC的方法呈现出一种简便且环保的途径,但是,此过程会对孔径分布,表面积产生不利影响,并经常导致碳材料的损失。希望这项研究将提供有关活性炭的表面改性,反应器策略以及耗尽的活性炭再生方法的详细和最新的知识。

更新日期:2021-05-24
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