The research and application of high speed metal cutting (HSMC) is aimed at achieving higher productivity and improved surface quality. This paper reviews the advancements in HSMC with a focus on the material removal mechanism and machined surface integrity without considering the effect of cutting dynamics on the machining process. In addition, the variation of cutting force and cutting temperature as well as the tool wear behavior during HSMC are summarized. Through comparing with conventional machining (or called as normal speed machining), the advantages of HSMC are elaborated from the aspects of high material removal rate, good finished surface quality (except surface residual stress), low cutting force, and low cutting temperature. Meanwhile, the shortcomings of HSMC are presented from the aspects of high tool wear rate and tensile residual stress on finished surface. The variation of material dynamic properties at high cutting speeds is the underlying mechanism responsible for the transition of chip morphology and material removal mechanism. Less surface defects and lower surface roughness can be obtained at a specific range of high cutting speeds, which depends on the workpiece material and cutting conditions. The thorough review on pros and cons of HSMC can help to effectively utilize its advantages and circumvent its shortcomings. Furthermore, the challenges for advancing and future research directions of HSMC are highlighted. Particularly, to reveal the relationships among inherent attributes of workpiece materials, processing parameters during HSMC, and evolution of machined surface properties will be a potential breakthrough direction. Although the influence of cutting speed on the material removal mechanism and surface integrity has been studied extensively, it still requires more detailed investigations in the future with continuous increase in cutting speed and emergence of new engineering materials in industries.

高速金属切削（HSMC）的研究和应用旨在实现更高的生产率和改善的表面质量。本文回顾了HSMC的进展，重点是材料去除机理和机械加工表面完整性，而没有考虑切削动力学对机械加工过程的影响。此外，总结了切削力和切削温度的变化以及HSMC期间的刀具磨损行为。通过与常规加工（或称为常速加工）的比较，从材料去除率高，成品表面质量好（表面残余应力除外），切削力低和切削温度低等方面阐述了HSMC的优势。同时，从高工具磨损率和精加工表面残余拉应力的角度提出了HSMC的缺点。高切削速度下材料动态特性的变化是导致切屑形态转变和材料去除机理的潜在机理。在特定的高切削速度范围内，可获得较少的表面缺陷和较低的表面粗糙度，具体取决于工件材料和切削条件。对HSMC的利弊进行透彻的回顾，有助于有效利用HSMC的优势，规避其缺点。此外，重点介绍了HSMC的发展挑战和未来的研究方向。特别是为了揭示HSMC期间工件材料的固有属性与加工参数之间的关系，加工表面性能的发展将是一个潜在的突破方向。尽管切削速度对材料去除机理和表面完整性的影响已得到广泛研究，但随着切削速度的不断提高和工业中新工程材料的出现，在将来仍需要进行更详细的研究。