ABSTRACT

Date biochar (DB) was obtained by pyrolyzing date residues at four different temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600°C referred as DB3; DB4; DB5; and DB6). Three experiments were performed: 1) assessment of wheat crop growth 2) water retention in the sandy soil 3) soil physiochemical properties after the application of DB to the soil. Results showed that the low temperature pyrolysis biochar (LTDB; DB3 and DB4) showed that the wheat biomass (by 47 and 29%) and water-holding capacity (by 55% and 32%) was improved when applied along with NPK fertilizer. Moreover, LTDB had positive impacts on soil enzyme activities, i.e., Phosphomonoestrase; Urease; Catalase; Acid Phosphate; Dehydrogenase; and β-glucosidase by 63, 59, 77, 29, 56, and 43%, respectively, over high-temperature DB pyrolysis (HTDB). In the incubation study, LTDB not only improved the physicochemical properties (bulk density, total porosity, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, soil aggregation stability), but also improved the water retention. Additionally, carbon dioxide emission was increased in HTDB and the microbial activities are increased in the LTDB. Overall, LTDB improved the soil fertility and productivity over to HTDB in sandy soil.

摘要

椰枣生物炭 (DB) 是通过在四种不同温度（300、400、500 和 600°C，称为 DB3；DB4；DB5 和 DB6）下热解枣渣获得的。进行了三个实验：1) 小麦作物生长的评估 2) 沙质土壤中的保水性 3) 将 DB 施用于土壤后的土壤理化特性。结果表明，低温热解生物炭（LTDB；DB3 和 DB4）表明，与 NPK 肥料一起施用时，小麦生物量（分别提高了 47% 和 29%）和持水能力（分别提高了 55% 和 32%）。此外，LTDB对土壤酶活性有积极影响，即Phosphomonoestrase；脲酶；过氧化氢酶；酸性磷酸盐；脱氢酶；和 β-葡萄糖苷酶分别通过高温 DB 热解 (HTDB) 提高 63、59、77、29、56 和 43%。在孵化研究中，LTDB不仅改善了理化性质（堆积密度、总孔隙度、pH值、电导率、阳离子交换能力、有机质、土壤团聚稳定性），而且还提高了保水性。此外，HTDB 中的二氧化碳排放增加，LTDB 中的微生物活动增加。总体而言，LTDB 在沙质土壤中比 HTDB 提高了土壤肥力和生产力。