ABSTRACT

The thirteenth-century crusade preacher and bishop of Acre, Jacques de Vitry, cast urban landscapes as a type of locus horribilis, marked by vice and violence, especially transgressions between men and women. In Jacques’ depictions of environmental and human phenomena, the transgression of patriarchal social bonds signalled to audiences that the place was especially ‘uncivilised’. For each place, Jacques detailed violence with increasing severity, adding urgency to the types of reforms he championed and confirming the right of ecclesiastical leadership to oversee such changes. Depictions of violence, therefore, helped to legitimise the violence it would take to bring about the dominance of Christendom. This article analyses Jacques de Vitry’s representation of the urban landscapes of Paris, Liège, Acre and Damietta using the theoretical frame of social spatialisation. It shows how strategic application of spatial metaphors ascribed a particular moral identity to these urban places, and thereby prescribed audiences’ responsibilities within them.

摘要

十三世纪的十字军传教士兼阿克主教雅克·德·维特里 (Jacques de Vitry) 将城市景观塑造成一种可怕的地方，以罪恶和暴力为特征，尤其是男女之间的违法行为。在雅克对环境和人类现象的描绘中，对父权社会纽带的破坏向观众表明这个地方特别“未开化”。对于每个地方，雅克都以越来越严重的方式详细描述了暴力事件，增加了他所倡导的改革类型的紧迫性，并确认了教会领导监督此类变化的权利。因此，对暴力的描述有助于使实现基督教世界主导地位所需的暴力合法化。本文使用社会空间化的理论框架分析雅克·德·维特里 (Jacques de Vitry) 对巴黎、列日、阿克和达米埃塔的城市景观的表现。