Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that maintain homeostasis of the immune system. They form gateways for autoreactive T cells to infiltrate the central nervous system in a noradrenaline-dependent manner despite the blood-brain barrier. This mechanism is critical not only for maintaining organ homeostasis but also for inflammatory disease development. Gateway reflexes can be regulated by environmental or artificial stimuli including electrical stimulation, suggesting that the infiltration of immune cells can be controlled by bioelectronic medicine. In this review, we describe the discovery of gateway reflexes and their future directions with special focus on bioelectronic medicine.

中文翻译：

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网关反射，调节具有血屏障的器官中自身反应性 T 细胞网关的神经元回路

网关反射是维持免疫系统稳态的神经回路。尽管存在血脑屏障，但它们形成了自身反应性 T 细胞以去甲肾上腺素依赖性方式浸润中枢神经系统的通道。这种机制不仅对维持器官稳态至关重要，而且对炎症性疾病的发展也至关重要。网关反射可以通过环境或人工刺激（包括电刺激）来调节，这表明免疫细胞的浸润可以通过生物电子医学来控制。在这篇综述中，我们描述了网关反射的发现及其未来的发展方向，特别关注生物电子医学。