In this work, we evaluated the fermentative performance and metabolism modifications of a second generation (2G) industrial yeast by comparing an industrial condition during laboratory and industrial scale fermentations. Fermentations were done using industrial lignocellulosic hydrolysate and a synthetic medium containing inhibitors and analyses were carried out through transcriptomics and proteomics of these experimental conditions. We found that fermentation profiles were very similar, but there was an increase in xylose consumption rate during fermentations using synthetic medium when compared to lignocellulosic hydrolysate, likely due to the presence of unknown growth inhibitors contained in the hydrolysate. We also evaluated the bacterial community composition of the industrial fermentation setting and found that the presence of homofermentative and heterofermentative bacteria did not significantly change the performance of yeast fermentation. In parallel, temporal differentially expressed genes (tDEG) showed differences in gene expression profiles between compared conditions, including heat shocks and the presence of up-regulated genes from the TCA cycle during anaerobic xylose fermentation. Thus, we indicate HMF as a possible electron acceptor in this rapid respiratory process performed by yeast, in addition to demonstrating the importance of culture medium for the performance of yeast within industrial fermentation processes, highlighting the uniquenesses according to scales.

中文翻译：

---

通过组学数据整合了解 2G 乙醇发酵规模的差异

在这项工作中，我们通过比较实验室和工业规模发酵过程中的工业条件来评估第二代 (2G) 工业酵母的发酵性能和代谢修饰。使用工业木质纤维素水解物和含有抑制剂的合成培养基进行发酵，并通过这些实验条件的转录组学和蛋白质组学进行分析。我们发现发酵曲线非常相似，但与木质纤维素水解产物相比，在使用合成培养基的发酵过程中木糖消耗率增加，这可能是由于水解产物中存在未知的生长抑制剂。我们还评估了工业发酵环境的细菌群落组成，发现同型发酵和异型发酵细菌的存在不会显着改变酵母发酵的性能。同时，时间差异表达基因 (tDEG) 显示比较条件之间的基因表达谱存在差异，包括热休克和厌氧木糖发酵过程中来自 TCA 循环的上调基因的存在。因此，我们指出 HMF 作为酵母进行的这种快速呼吸过程中可能的电子受体，此外还证明了培养基对工业发酵过程中酵母性能的重要性，并根据规模突出了其独特性。