Abstract

Objective

This study examined neurocognitive performance and symptoms between concussed Black and White collegiate athletes at baseline, post-injury, and change from baseline to post-injury.

Method

The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was used to measure neurocognitive performance and four concussion symptom clusters for 235 concussed collegiate athletes. Between-groups differences were documented at baseline and post-injury, along with change in scores for sex/race, and sport/race groups, using ANOVAs. Baseline scores, and days-to-post-test were covariates in post-injury comparisons. Symptom endorsement by race was evaluated using chi-square analyses.

Results

At baseline, group comparisons by race and sex showed that Black male/female athletes scored lower on reaction time (RT; p = .008), White females scored higher on verbal memory (VerbMem; p = .001), Black females scored lower on visual motor processing speed (VMS; p = .001), and Black football athletes scored slower/poorer on RT (p = .001) and VMS (p = .006). Post-injury, Black males scored lower on visual memory (VisMem; p = .005) and VMS (p = .002), and Black football athletes scored slower on VMS (p = .005), whereas White non-football athletes scored higher on VerbMem (p = .002) and reported fewer symptoms. Significant time-by-sport/race interactions were found for VerbMem (p < .001), VisMem (p < .001) and reported symptoms. With respect to post-injury symptom scores/endorsement, Black athletes scored significantly higher for physical (p = .01) and sleep (p = .01) symptoms.

Conclusion

These findings drive the conversation of how subjective measures of symptoms, and objective clinical concussion measures, may relate to the concussion recovery process and providing a culturally competent clinical management approach for diverse patients.

中文翻译：

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了解计算机化神经认知测试表现和症状报告中的种族差异，为运动相关脑震荡提供具有文化能力的以患者为中心的护理

摘要

客观的

这项研究检查了脑震荡的黑人和白人大学生运动员在基线、受伤后以及从基线到受伤后的变化时的神经认知表现和症状。

方法

脑震荡后立即评估和认知测试 (ImPACT) 用于测量 235 名脑震荡大学生运动员的神经认知表现和四个脑震荡症状群。使用方差分析在基线和受伤后记录组间差异，以及性别/种族和运动/种族组的分数变化。基线分数和测试后天数是受伤后比较中的协变量。使用卡方分析评估种族对症状的认可。

结果

在基线时，按种族和性别进行的组比较表明，黑人男性/女性运动员在反应时间上得分较低（RT；p = .008），白人女性在语言记忆（VerbMem；p = .001）上得分较高，黑人女性得分较低视觉运动处理速度 (VMS; p = .001)，黑人足球运动员在 RT ( p = .001) 和 VMS ( p = .006) 上得分较慢/较差。受伤后，黑人男性在视觉记忆 (VisMem；p = .005) 和 VMS ( p = .002) 上得分较低，黑人足球运动员在 VMS ( p = .005) 上得分较慢，而白人非足球运动员得分较低VerbMem ( p= .002) 并且报告的症状较少。在 VerbMem ( p < .001)、VisMem ( p < .001) 和报告的症状中发现了显着的时间-by-sport/race 相互作用。关于受伤后症状评分/认可，黑人运动员在身体 ( p = .01) 和睡眠 ( p = .01) 症状方面的评分明显更高。

结论

这些发现推动了关于症状的主观测量和客观的临床脑震荡测量如何与脑震荡恢复过程相关并为不同患者提供具有文化能力的临床管理方法的讨论。