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What shapes fire size and spread in African savannahs?
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-13 , DOI: 10.1002/rse2.212
Sacha Takacs 1, 2 , Henrike Schulte to Bühne 1, 2 , Nathalie Pettorelli 1
Affiliation  

Fires play an important role in savannah ecosystems, shaping among other things vegetation structure and altering species composition. As direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures on these ecosystems increase, fire dynamics in savannahs are expected to change in the coming decades, with potential impacts on ecosystem functioning. Although the ecological impacts of fires are relatively well-known, the factors that shape fire dynamics in these ecosystems have received less research attention. Using Pendjari National Park (Benin) as a case study, we assessed the importance of different biotic and abiotic factors in shaping fire size and spread in the region. Our results show that fires spread faster (1) in the middle of the dry season compared to the early or late dry season, (2) in areas that are far away from natural and anthropogenic firebreaks, and (3) in areas that are covered with highly flammable vegetation. By contrast, most vegetation types had little influence on fire size, which seems to depend instead on rainfall. Our approach and results highlight new avenues for satellite data to improve our understanding of fire dynamics in large, remote savannah ecosystems and to improve our ability to predict how fires spread, a key variable for wildlife management in the face of rapidly changing environmental conditions.

中文翻译:

什么决定了非洲大草原的火灾大小和蔓延?

火灾在大草原生态系统中发挥着重要作用,除其他外塑造植被结构和改变物种组成。随着对这些生态系统的直接和间接人为压力的增加,热带草原的火灾动态预计将在未来几十年发生变化,并对生态系统功能产生潜在影响。尽管火灾的生态影响相对众所周知,但在这些生态系统中影响火灾动态的因素却很少受到研究关注。以 Pendjari 国家公园(贝宁)为例,我们评估了不同生物和非生物因素在影响该地区火灾规模和蔓延方面的重要性。我们的研究结果表明,与旱季早期或晚期相比,火灾在旱季中期蔓延得更快,(2) 在远离自然和人为防火带的地区,(3) 在高度易燃植被覆盖的地区。相比之下,大多数植被类型对火灾规模的影响不大,而火灾规模似乎取决于降雨量。我们的方法和结果突出了卫星数据的新途径,以提高我们对大型偏远大草原生态系统火灾动态的理解,并提高我们预测火灾蔓延方式的能力,这是面对快速变化的环境条件的野生动物管理的一个关键变量。
更新日期:2021-05-13
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