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Effect of borates on the synthesis of nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride by a solid-state method
Microscopy Research and Technique ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-13 , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23817 Muhammed Öz 1 , Çetin Bozkurt 2 , Binnur Kanbur Yılmaz 2 , Gürcan Yıldırım 3
Microscopy Research and Technique ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-13 , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23817 Muhammed Öz 1 , Çetin Bozkurt 2 , Binnur Kanbur Yılmaz 2 , Gürcan Yıldırım 3
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This study delves deeply into the effect of different borates (lithium tetraborate, sodium tetraborate, calcium metaborate, ammonium pentaborate) on the production and fundamental characteristic features of nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) structure with the assistant of standard characteristic measurement methods, namely, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The hBN samples are synthesized by reaction of powder urea, boron oxide, and different kinds of borates via the modified O'Connor method (performed at a relatively lower main heat treatment temperature of 1,100°C). All the results obtained show that the usage of borates affects positively the formation of nanoscale hBN structure. In more detail, the FTIR experiment results reveal that the presence of two strong c peaks appeared at ~1,380 and ~780 cm−1 in the spectra points out the conventional BN in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations, respectively. The XRD patterns also confirm the production of high-ordered hBN as the existence of the main peaks of the corresponding hexagonal system. As for the SEM examination, it is found that all the hBN materials exhibit totally different crystallinity quality and microstructural characteristics. The hBN compound prepared by the sodium tetraborate content shows the most uniform surface appearance with the smoothest/densest crystal structure, best grain orientations, and finest grain interactions. Hence, the material with strong stretching of interatomic bonds shows the highest material (fracture) strength. Moreover, the TEM images illustrate that all the products are composed of uniform multi-walled nanotubes and nanorods with an average length of ~250 nm.
中文翻译：
硼酸盐对固态法合成纳米六方氮化硼的影响
本研究借助标准的特征测量方法，深入探讨了不同硼酸盐（四硼酸锂、四硼酸钠、偏硼酸钙、五硼酸铵）对纳米六方氮化硼（hBN）结构的产生和基本特征的影响，即：傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描和透射电子显微镜 (SEM 和 TEM)。hBN 样品是通过粉末尿素、氧化硼和不同种类的硼酸盐通过改进的 O'Connor 方法（在相对较低的主热处理温度 1,100°C 下进行）反应合成的。获得的所有结果表明，硼酸盐的使用对纳米级 hBN 结构的形成有积极影响。更详细地说，−1光谱中的 分别指出了传统的 BN 面内和面外振动。XRD 谱图也证实了高有序 hBN 的产生，因为相应六方晶系的主峰的存在。对于 SEM 检查，发现所有 hBN 材料表现出完全不同的结晶质量和显微结构特征。由四硼酸钠含量制备的 hBN 化合物显示出最均匀的表面外观，具有最光滑/最致密的晶体结构、最佳晶粒取向和最精细的晶粒相互作用。因此，具有强拉伸原子间键的材料显示出最高的材料（断裂）强度。此外，TEM 图像表明所有产品均由均匀的多壁纳米管和纳米棒组成，平均长度约为 250 nm。
更新日期：2021-05-13
中文翻译：
硼酸盐对固态法合成纳米六方氮化硼的影响
本研究借助标准的特征测量方法，深入探讨了不同硼酸盐（四硼酸锂、四硼酸钠、偏硼酸钙、五硼酸铵）对纳米六方氮化硼（hBN）结构的产生和基本特征的影响，即：傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、扫描和透射电子显微镜 (SEM 和 TEM)。hBN 样品是通过粉末尿素、氧化硼和不同种类的硼酸盐通过改进的 O'Connor 方法（在相对较低的主热处理温度 1,100°C 下进行）反应合成的。获得的所有结果表明，硼酸盐的使用对纳米级 hBN 结构的形成有积极影响。更详细地说，−1光谱中的 分别指出了传统的 BN 面内和面外振动。XRD 谱图也证实了高有序 hBN 的产生，因为相应六方晶系的主峰的存在。对于 SEM 检查，发现所有 hBN 材料表现出完全不同的结晶质量和显微结构特征。由四硼酸钠含量制备的 hBN 化合物显示出最均匀的表面外观，具有最光滑/最致密的晶体结构、最佳晶粒取向和最精细的晶粒相互作用。因此，具有强拉伸原子间键的材料显示出最高的材料（断裂）强度。此外，TEM 图像表明所有产品均由均匀的多壁纳米管和纳米棒组成，平均长度约为 250 nm。
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