The current cosmological probes have provided a fantastic confirmation of the standard $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter cosmological model, which has been constrained with unprecedented accuracy. However, with the increase of the experimental sensitivity, a few statistically significant tensions between different independent cosmological datasets emerged. While these tensions can be in part the result of systematic errors, the persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the need for new physics. In this Letter of Interest we will focus on the $4.4\sigma$ tension between the Planck estimate of the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the $H_0$ evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we will list a few interesting models of new physics that could solve this tension and discuss how the next decade’s experiments will be crucial.

当前的宇宙学探针为该标准提供了绝佳的确认 $\Lambda$冷暗物质宇宙学模型已经以前所未有的精度受到约束。然而，随着实验灵敏度的提高，在不同的独立宇宙学数据集之间出现了一些统计学上显着的张力。尽管这些紧张可能部分是系统错误的结果，但经过几年的精确分析，其持久性强烈暗示了标准宇宙学场景中的裂痕以及对新物理学的需求。在本《意向书》中，我们将重点介绍$4.4\sigma$ 哈勃常数的普朗克估计之间的张力 $H_0$和SH0ES协作度量。显示后$H_0$ 不同团队使用不同的方法和几何校准进行的评估，我们将列出一些有趣的新物理学模型，这些模型可以解决这一问题，并讨论下一个十年的实验将如何发挥关键作用。