Fungi play key roles in forest ecosystems and help to shape the forest’s diverse functions. However, little is known about the diversity of phyllospheric fungi or their possible relationships with fungal communities residing in different micro-environments of Pinus massoniana forests. We investigated seven different sample types: mature needles (NM), dead needles (ND), needles falling as litter (L), fermenting needles (F), humus (H), top soil (0–20 cm) (TS), and secondary soil (20–40 cm) (SS). These seven fungal communities were examined and compared with ITS amplicons using a high-throughput sequencing technique. A total of 1213 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level. Distinct fungal communities were associated with different sample types. A greater number of OTUs were present in both NM and F samples than those shared by both NM and TS samples, indicating that phyllospheric fungi may play crucial roles in litter decomposition. Sixty OTUs (the core microbiome) were found in all sample types, and they may probably play different ecological roles in different sample types. These findings extend our knowledge of the fungal diversity of the phyllosphere and its possible interactions with fungal communities found in distinct forest micro-habitats.

真菌在森林生态系统中发挥着关键作用，有助于塑造森林的多样化功能。然而，人们对叶际真菌的多样性及其与马尾松不同微环境中真菌群落的可能关系知之甚少。森林。我们研究了七种不同的样本类型：成熟针叶 (NM)、死针叶 (ND)、落叶针 (L)、发酵针叶 (F)、腐殖质 (H)、表层土壤 (0–20 cm) (TS)、和次生土（20-40 厘米）（SS）。使用高通量测序技术检查了这七个真菌群落并与 ITS 扩增子进行了比较。在 97% 的序列相似性水平下，总共获得了 1213 个真菌操作分类单元 (OTU)。不同的真菌群落与不同的样本类型相关。NM 和 F 样品中存在的 OTU 数量多于 NM 和 TS 样品共享的 OTU，表明叶际真菌可能在凋落物分解中起关键作用。在所有样本类型中都发现了 60 个 OTU（核心微生物组），它们可能在不同的样本类型中扮演不同的生态角色。这些发现扩展了我们对叶际真菌多样性及其与不同森林微生境中发现的真菌群落可能相互作用的知识。