Carbonate minerals are ubiquitous in most sediment-hosted mineral deposits. These deposits can contain a variety of carbonate types with complex paragenetic relationships. When normalized to chondritic values (CN), rare-earth elements and yttrium (REE+Y_CN) can be used to constrain fluid chemistry and fluid-rock interaction processes in both low- and high-temperature settings. Unlike other phases (e.g., pyrite), the application of in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) data to the differentiation of pre-ore and hydrothermal carbonates remains relatively untested. To assess the potential applicability of carbonate in situ REE+Y data, we combined transmitted light and cathodoluminescence (CL) petrography with LA-ICP-MS analysis of carbonate mineral phases from (1) the Proterozoic George Fisher clastic dominated (CD-type) massive sulfide deposit and from (2) correlative, barren host rock lithologies (Urquhart Shale Formation). The REE+Y_CN composition of pre-ore calcite suggests it formed during diagenesis from diagenetic pore fluids derived from ferruginous, anoxic seawater. Hydrothermal and hydrothermally altered calcite and dolomite from George Fisher is generally more LREE depleted than the pre-ore calcite, whole-rock REE concentrations, and shale reference values. We suggest this is the result of hydrothermal alteration by saline Cl^--rich mineralizing fluids. Furthermore, the presence of both positive and negative Eu/Eu^* values in calcite and dolomite indicates that the mineralizing fluids were relatively hot (>250°C) and cooled below 200–250°C during ore formation. This study confirms the hypothesis that in situ REE+Y data can be used to differentiate between pre-ore and hydrothermal carbonate and provide important constraints on the conditions of ore formation.

碳酸盐矿物普遍存在于大多数以沉积物为主体的矿藏中。这些矿床可能包含各种具有复杂的共生关系的碳酸盐类型。当标准化为软骨素值（CN），稀土元素和钇（REE + Y _CN）可用于限制低温和高温环境下的流体化学和流体-岩石相互作用过程。与其他相（例如黄铁矿）不同，将原位激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）数据用于区分前矿和热液碳酸盐的应用仍然未经测试。为了评估碳酸盐原位REE + Y数据的潜在适用性，我们将透射光和阴极发光（CL）岩相图与LA-ICP-MS分析（1）元古代的乔治费舍尔碎屑为主（CD型）的碳酸盐矿物相大量的硫化物矿床和（2）相关的贫瘠的宿主岩性（Urquhart页岩组）。REE + Y _CN前矿石方解石的组成表明，它是在成岩过程中由含铁，缺氧海水衍生的成岩孔隙流体形成的。与费雷前方解石，全岩REE浓度和页岩参考值相比，George Fisher产生的热液和热液蚀方解石和白云岩通常消耗更多的LREE。我们认为，这是由氯盐热液蚀变的结果^-富含成矿流体。此外，存在正负Eu / Eu ^*方解石和白云石中的值表明成矿过程中矿化液相对较热（> 250°C），并冷却到200-250°C以下。这项研究证实了以下假设：原位REE + Y数据可用于区分前矿石和热液碳酸盐，并对矿石形成条件提供重要限制。