MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through transcriptional repression of messenger RNA. They play significant roles in many physiological and biochemical processes in eukaryotes. Ocean acidification can impact the development, survival, growth and physiology of many marine organisms. Here, we performed miRNA transcriptome analysis of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus larvae exposed to CO₂-driven seawater acidification. We generated 10.6 and 10.8 million clean reads from the malformed S. purpuratus larva after CO₂ treatment and the larvae with the normal bone development respectively. A total of 682 conserved and 17 novel miRNAs were identified. Target genes of the differential expression miRNAs were also predicted, which contained growth-related genes (collagenase, collagen and HSP70-binding protein 1), spicule formation-related gene (carbonic anhydrase transcript variant X1) and skeletogenesis-related genes (breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2). Target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were used to perform KEGG pathway analysis and were found to be involved in the proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation. These results provide a relatively large number of miRNAs transcriptome resource and provide a foundation for further analyses on the functional and molecular mechanisms of S. purpuratus larvae impacted by ocean acidification.

中文翻译：

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海胆Strongylocentrotus purpuratus幼虫对pH胁迫响应中miRNA的鉴定

MicroRNA (miRNA) 是一类小的、内源性的、非编码的 RNA，它们通过信使 RNA 的转录抑制来调节基因表达。它们在真核生物的许多生理和生化过程中发挥着重要作用。海洋酸化会影响许多海洋生物的发育、生存、生长和生理。在这里，我们对暴露于 CO ₂驱动的海水酸化的海胆Strongylocentrotus purpuratus幼虫进行了 miRNA 转录组分析。我们从格式错误的S生成了 10.6 和 1080 万个干净读取。CO ₂后紫癜幼虫治疗和幼虫分别具有正常的骨骼发育。共鉴定了 682 个保守的和 17 个新的 miRNA。差异表达的miRNA的靶基因还预测，其中载生长相关的基因（胶原酶，胶原和HSP70 -结合蛋白1），毛刺形成相关的基因（碳酸酐酶转录变体X1）和骨骼发育相关的基因（乳腺癌扩增序列2）。差异表达的miRNA的靶基因用于进行KEGG通路分析，发现参与蛋白酶体和氧化磷酸化。这些结果提供了相对大量的miRNAs转录组资源，为进一步分析S的功能和分子机制提供了基础。受海洋酸化影响的紫癜幼虫。