An accurate quantification of traffic flow characteristics with and without bus-only lane is important for determining transit priority strategies. Examinations of real-world vehicle trajectory data, like those from the NGSIM dataset, found that an effective discharge rate may be discounted when merging or lane-changing behaviors are observed. To deal with this, this manuscript analytically derives the effective discharge rate of a roadway segment by considering multi-stage merging behavior and vehicular traffic kinematics near a side entrance, for optimal bus-only lane conversion. The classic fluid-based approximation model by Newell that characterizes the queuing and dissipation process is extended to a multi-state queuing analysis framework. Three effective discharge rate discount factors are explicitly derived, for bus-only lane, general-purpose lane, and mixed-traffic lane, respectively. The derived effective discharge rates are represented by mathematically-simple expressions in a closed-form, and correctly account for the effects of demand inputs, such as arrival rate and the ratio of vehicles of different types, vehicular performance (such as acceleration rate), and traffic flow characteristics (such as backward wave speed and jam density). The bus-only lane conversion scheduling problem is then formulated as an optimization model to minimize total traffic delay. Validation, using NGSIM data, showed that our model reduced the effective discharge rate estimation error significantly on both arterials and freeways. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the optimal bus-only lane scheduling time varied in response to traffic demand and vehicle ratios, and the developed optimization model was always beneficial when compared with the demand-oriented strategy.

在有和没有公交专用道的情况下，准确量化交通流特征对于确定公交优先级策略很重要。对现实世界中车辆轨迹数据的检查（如来自NGSIM数据集的数据）发现，当观察到合并或变道行为时，有效排放率可能会打折。为了解决这个问题，该手稿通过考虑多级合并行为和侧入口附近的车辆交通运动学来分析得出道路段的有效排放率，以实现最佳的纯公交车道转换。Newell基于排队和耗散过程的经典基于流体的近似模型被扩展到多状态排队分析框架。对于纯公交车道，明确得出了三个有效的排放率折扣因子。通用车道和混合交通车道。导出的有效排放率用数学形式的简单表达式表示为封闭形式，并正确考虑了需求输入的影响，例如到达率和不同类型车辆的比率，车辆性能（例如加速率），和交通流特征（例如后向波速和拥堵密度）。然后将仅公交车道转换调度问题公式化为优化模型，以最大程度地减少总交通延误。使用NGSIM数据进行的验证表明，我们的模型显着降低了动脉和高速公路上的有效流量估算误差。敏感性分析显示，最佳的公交专用道调度时间会根据交通需求和车辆比率而变化，