Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with earth-abundant carbon as an effective replacer for unstable hole-transporting materials and expensive electrodes is a recently proposed structure promising better air and moisture stability. In this review paper, we report on the latest advances and state of the art of Pb-free and low-Pb-content perovskites, used as absorbers in carbon-based perovskite solar cells. The focus is on the implementation of these, environmentally friendly and non-toxic, structures in PSCs with a carbon electrode as a replacement of the noble metal electrode typically used (C-PSCs). The motivation for this study has been the great potential that C-PSCs have shown for the leap towards the commercialization of PSCs. Some of their outstanding properties include low cost, high-stability, ambient processability and compatibility with most up-scaling methods (e.g., printing). By surpassing the key obstacle of toxicity, caused by the Pb content of the highest-performing perovskites, and by combining the advantages of C-PSCs with the Pb-free perovskites low toxicity, this technology will move one step further; this review summarizes the most promising routes that have been reported so far towards that direction.

中文翻译：

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低毒性钙钛矿在碳电极钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用-综述

含钙丰富的碳的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）可有效替代不稳定的空穴传输材料和昂贵的电极，是最近提出的具有更好的空气和水分稳定性的结构。在这篇综述文章中，我们报告了无铅和低铅钙钛矿的最新进展和技术水平，这些无铅钙钛矿被用作碳基钙钛矿太阳能电池的吸收剂。重点是在用碳电极替代通常使用的贵金属电极（C-PSC）的PSC中实现这些环保，无毒的结构。这项研究的动机是C-PSC在向PSC的商业化飞跃中展现出的巨大潜力。它们的一些杰出特性包括低成本，高稳定性，环境可加工性以及与大多数放大方法（例如打印）的兼容性。通过超越由性能最高的钙钛矿中的铅含量引起的毒性的主要障碍，并将C-PSC的优势与无铅的钙钛矿低毒性相结合，这项技术将进一步向前发展。这篇综述总结了迄今为止已报告的最有希望的路线。