Chemistry of surface water and groundwater can be conditioned by geology, anthropic influence, and exchange of flow between them. The Pampean Plain located in Argentina has gaining streams and mainly rural activities. An increase in the concentration of chemical values of surface waters with respect to groundwater can be attributed to the anthropogenic contribution. The aim of this work was to identify the natural and/or anthropic processes that determine the chemistry of surface water and groundwater in a sector of the Pampean Plain of Argentina through the analysis of major and trace elements, ¹⁸O and ²H isotopes, and statistical tools. A surface water and groundwater sampling network was designed, where physicochemical parameters were measured, and samples were taken to determine major and trace elements and stable isotopes of water. The results indicate that dissolution, cation exchange, and evaporation are the main processes that determine the chemistry of the major elements associated with natural processes without showing evidence of anthropic involvement. Some trace elements that are statistically associated with major ions evidence water-sediment interaction within the aquifer. On the other hand, trace elements, as heavy metals, present a higher concentration in surface water compared to groundwater. This fact, evidences an anthropogenic contribution attributable to anthropic activities. The multivariate statistical analysis allowed discriminating between those trace elements associated with natural processes from those influenced by anthropic activity, even when these elements' concentration was very low.

中文翻译：

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使用多种水文地球化学工具和统计分析评估阿根廷潘潘平原农村平原盆地的人为污染

地表水和地下水的化学性质受地质、人为影响和它们之间的流动交换的影响。位于阿根廷的潘潘平原有越来越多的溪流，主要是农村活动。地表水相对于地下水的化学值浓度的增加可归因于人为贡献。这项工作的目的是通过分析主要和微量元素¹⁸ O 和²H同位素和统计工具。设计了一个地表水和地下水采样网络，测量理化参数，并取样确定水的主要和微量元素以及稳定同位素。结果表明，溶解、阳离子交换和蒸发是确定与自然过程相关的主要元素的化学性质的主要过程，但没有显示出人为参与的证据。一些在统计上与主要离子相关的微量元素证明了含水层内的水-沉积物相互作用。另一方面，与地下水相比，作为重金属的微量元素在地表水中的浓度更高。这一事实证明了可归因于人类活动的人为贡献。