The popularity of viewing wildlife, specifically brown bears (Ursus arctos), is increasing rapidly throughout North America. In addition, population distributions of both humans and brown bears are expanding, creating larger areas of overlap and an increased possibility of human-bear interactions. In order to prevent negative encounters and injury to either species, park managers must continue to work to encourage appropriate behavior among local citizens as well as park visitors. Human behavior, however, is a result of many complex factors, including emotion and cognition. Despite this, the effects of emotions on human-wildlife conflict remain unstudied and therefore may limit success of any mitigation efforts. In this study we employed a quantitative self-assessment questionnaire, distributed online to a representative sample of the general U.S. public, to understand the relationship between emotion and behavior within the context of human encounters with bears. Questionnaires used video clips as visual methods to illustrate a variety of brown bear encounter scenarios based on setting, the bear’s age or sex class, and bear behavior. Following each video, respondents were asked to rate the intensity of their affective responses using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and then rate the likelihood of performing several listed actions as well as the perceived appropriateness of each action. Results demonstrate significant variation in negative affect and relative consistency in positive affect across brown bear encounter scenarios. In general, respondents seemed to be aware of appropriate behavior during encounters with brown bears, but affective responses may limit their ability to behave accordingly. Further, feelings of fear and hostility increased the impact of current emotion on in-the-moment decisions. These results and suggestions provided by respondents were then used to create a set of meaningful recommendations to improve the efficacy of current bear management and safety education.

中文翻译：

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将情绪影响整合到熊的观看管理和熊安全教育中

在整个北美，观赏野生动物，特别是棕熊（Ursus arctos）的受欢迎程度正在迅速增加。此外，人类和棕熊的人口分布正在扩大，造成了更大的重叠区域，并增加了人与熊互动的可能性。为了防止负面接触和对任何一种物种的伤害，公园管理者必须继续努力，以鼓励当地居民和公园游客之间的适当举止。但是，人类行为是许多复杂因素（包括情感和认知）的结果。尽管如此，仍未研究情绪对人类与野生动物冲突的影响，因此可能会限制缓解工作的成功。在这项研究中，我们采用了定量的自我评估问卷，并在网上分发给了全美的代表性样本 公众，以了解在人类与熊相遇的背景下情绪与行为之间的关系。问卷使用视频剪辑作为视觉方法，根据设置，熊的年龄或性别以及熊的行为来说明各种棕熊遭遇场景。在每个视频之后，要求受访者使用积极和消极的情绪时间表来评估他们的情感反应的强度，然后评估执行多个列出的动作的可能性以及每个动作的适当性。结果表明，在棕熊遭遇情景中，负面影响的显着差异和正面影响的相对一致性。总体而言，受访者似乎在遇到棕熊时意识到了适当的行为，但是情感反应可能会限制其相应行为的能力。此外，恐惧和敌对的感觉增加了当前情绪对当下决策的影响。然后，将受访者提供的这些结果和建议用于创建一组有意义的建议，以提高当前熊市管理和安全教育的效率。