Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder with a high social and economic burden. Thus, early prediction and diagnosis of OSA are important. Changes in metabolism and the microbiome may serve as biomarkers for OSA. Herein, we review the literature on the metabolomic and microbiome changes associated with OSA, and identify the metabolites and microorganisms involved.

We searched the PUBMED and EMBASE electronic databases using the following terms: "obstructive sleep apnea", "OSA", "sleep disordered breathing", "SDB", "intermittent hypoxia", "sleep fragmentation", and either "metabolomics" or "microbiome". In total, 273 papers were identified, of which 28 were included in our study.

Changes in the levels of certain metabolites related to fatty acid, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were associated with the incidence of OSA. The diversity and abundance of microflora, particularly Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, were altered in humans and rodents with OSA.

Certain changes in metabolism and the microbiota play an integral role in the pathophysiology of OSA and OSA-induced cardiovascular complications. Metabolomic and microbiome biomarkers shed light on the pathogenesis of OSA, and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 是一种常见的睡眠障碍，具有很高的社会和经济负担。因此，OSA的早期预测和诊断非常重要。新陈代谢和微生物组的变化可作为 OSA 的生物标志物。在此，我们回顾了与 OSA 相关的代谢组学和微生物组变化的文献，并确定了所涉及的代谢物和微生物。

我们使用以下术语搜索了 PUBMED 和 EMBASE 电子数据库：“阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停”、“OSA”、“睡眠呼吸障碍”、“SDB”、“间歇性缺氧”、“睡眠碎片化”，以及“代谢组学”或“微生物组”。总共确定了 273 篇论文，其中 28 篇被纳入我们的研究。

与脂肪酸、碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢相关的某些代谢物水平的变化与 OSA 的发生有关。在患有 OSA 的人类和啮齿动物中，微生物群落的多样性和丰度发生了变化，尤其是厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。

代谢和微生物群的某些变化在 OSA 和 OSA 诱发的心血管并发症的病理生理学中起着不可或缺的作用。代谢组学和微生物组生物标志物揭示了 OSA 的发病机制，并有助于早期诊断和治疗。