Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) provide a viable option to decarbonise global aviation. Unlike conventional jet-fuel, SAFs can be produced in several production pathways making their selection a complex multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem with conflicting objectives. In this paper, we propose a multicriteria based framework for evaluating SAF production pathways, which is a sequential decision-making process with feedback adjustment mechanisms. Given the early stage of SAF technologies' development and the scarcity of data on such technologies, in this research, we involved a variety of aviation industry stakeholders to assist with data and preference gathering. Our MCDM framework is designed to be generic to provide flexibilities to potential users in choosing the appropriate implementation decisions for the relevant stakeholders. The strength of the proposed framework lays in its flexibility to accommodate various stakeholders' subjective judgements, choice of ranking method, and robustness of results. We used our MCDM framework within a stakeholders’ participatory approach to rank order 11 SAF production pathways against 24 criteria grouped under social, environmental, economic, and technical impact categories. Our analysis revealed that the environmental and the economic impact categories are the most important ones followed by the technical and the social criteria; the gasification/Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) based production processes are preferred over fermentation and oil-based ones; and waste gases are the preferred feedstock along with wood-residue. These findings provide decision-makers with guidelines on the selection of SAF production pathways.

可持续航空燃料（SAF）为全球航空脱碳提供了可行的选择。与传统的喷气燃料不同，SAF可以在几种生产路径中生产，这使得选择SAF成为目标相互矛盾的复杂多标准决策（MCDM）问题。在本文中，我们提出了一种用于评估SAF生产路径的基于多准则的框架，该框架是具有反馈调整机制的顺序决策过程。鉴于SAF技术发展的早期阶段以及此类技术的数据稀缺，在这项研究中，我们让众多航空业利益相关者参与其中，以协助他们进行数据和偏好收集。我们的MCDM框架设计为通用的，旨在为潜在用户提供灵活性，以便他们为相关的利益相关者选择适当的实施决策。拟议框架的优势在于其灵活性，可以适应各种利益相关者的主观判断，排名方法的选择以及结果的稳健性。我们在利益相关方的参与性方法中使用了我们的MCDM框架，根据社会，环境，经济和技术影响类别下的24条标准对订单11 SAF生产途径进行了排名。我们的分析表明，环境和经济影响类别是最重要的类别，其次是技术和社会标准。基于气化/费-托（FT）的生产工艺优于基于发酵和油基的生产工艺；废气和木材残渣是首选原料。这些发现为决策者提供了关于SAF生产途径选择的指南。