Purpose There is growing awareness that the employer plays an important role in preventing early labor market exit of workers with poor health. This systematic review aims to explore the employer characteristics associated with work participation of workers with disabilities. An interdisciplinary approach was used to capture relevant characteristics at all organizational levels. Methods To identify relevant longitudinal observational studies, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and EconLit. Three key concepts were central to the search: (a) employer characteristics, (b) work participation, including continued employment, return to work and long-term work disability, and (c) chronic diseases. Results The search strategy resulted in 4456 articles. In total 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. We found 14 determinants clustered in four domains: work accommodations, social support, organizational culture and company characteristics. On supervisor level, strong evidence was found for an association between work accommodations and continued employment and return to work. Moderate evidence was found for an association between social support and return to work. On higher organizational level, weak evidence was found for an association between organizational culture and return to work. Inconsistent evidence was found for an association between company characteristics and the three work outcomes. Conclusions Our review indicates the importance of different employer efforts for work participation of workers with disabilities. Workplace programs aimed at facilitating work accommodations and supervisor support can contribute to the prevention of early labor market exit of workers with poor health. Further research is needed on the influence of organizational culture and company characteristics on work participation.

目的越来越多的人意识到，雇主在防止健康状况不佳的工人提前退出劳动力市场方面发挥着重要作用。本系统评价旨在探讨与残疾工人的工作参与相关的雇主特征。使用跨学科方法来捕获所有组织级别的相关特征。方法为了确定相关的纵向观察研究，在 PubMed、Web of Science、PsycINFO 和 EconLit 中进行了系统的文献检索。三个关键概念是搜索的核心：(a) 雇主特征，(b) 工作参与，包括继续就业、重返工作岗位和长期工作残疾，以及 (c) 慢性病。结果搜索策略产生了 4456 篇文章。共有 50 篇文章符合纳入标准。我们发现 14 个决定因素集中在四个领域：工作便利、社会支持、组织文化和公司特征。在主管层面，有强有力的证据表明工作便利与继续就业和重返工作岗位之间存在关联。中等证据表明社会支持与重返工作岗位之间存在关联。在更高的组织层面上，发现组织文化与重返工作岗位之间存在关联的证据不足。发现公司特征与三项工作成果之间存在关联的证据不一致。结论我们的审查表明不同雇主努力对残疾工人参与工作的重要性。旨在促进工作便利和主管支持的工作场所计划有助于防止健康状况不佳的工人提前退出劳动力市场。需要进一步研究组织文化和公司特征对工作参与的影响。