Despite the rapid progress in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to 25.5% with ten years of effort, the real outdoor applications of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still significantly limited by their poor device stability. The factors determining the stability of PSCs can be divided into extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Advanced encapsulation techniques can be applied to only exclude the effect from extrinsic environmental factors such as moisture and oxygen in ambient air. The intrinsic stability issues of PSCs are difficult to thoroughly resolve by device engineering, determining the short life span of devices. Therefore, in this review, we only focus on the intrinsic stability of PSCs, especially the stability related to the properties of the perovskite active materials. Several degradation mechanisms of perovskite materials resulting from (1) ion dissociation and migration, (2) metal–perovskite reactions, and (3) residual strain are thoroughly analyzed and the corresponding possible strategies to improve the device stability are summarized. Finally, the perspective of research directions in the perovskite photovoltaic field for future large-scale deployment has been discussed. This review will draw tremendous attention from worldwide researchers to the intrinsic stability study of perovskites and provide useful guidance to further improve the operational stability of PSCs.

中文翻译：

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通过改善钙钛矿型太阳能电池的固有稳定性来推动其商业化

尽管经过十年的努力，功率转换效率（PCE）从3.8％迅速提高到25.5％，但钙钛矿型太阳能电池（PSC）的实际户外应用仍因其较差的设备稳定性而受到很大限制。决定PSC稳定性的因素可以分为外在因素和内在因素。可以应用先进的封装技术来仅排除外部环境因素（例如环境空气中的水分和氧气）的影响。PSC的固有稳定性问题很难通过设备工程来彻底解决，从而决定了设备的使用寿命短。因此，在本文中，我们仅关注PSC的固有稳定性，尤其是与钙钛矿活性材料性能相关的稳定性。彻底分析了钙钛矿材料由（1）离子的解离和迁移，（2）金属-钙钛矿反应和（3）残余应变引起的几种降解机理，并总结了提高器件稳定性的相应策略。最后，讨论了钙钛矿光伏领域的研究方向，以供将来大规模应用。这篇综述将引起全世界研究人员对钙钛矿固有稳定性研究的极大关注，并为进一步改善PSC的操作稳定性提供有用的指导。讨论了钙钛矿光伏领域研究方向的前景，以供将来大规模应用。这篇综述将引起全世界研究人员对钙钛矿固有稳定性研究的极大关注，并为进一步改善PSC的操作稳定性提供有用的指导。讨论了钙钛矿光伏领域研究方向的前景，以供将来大规模应用。这篇综述将引起全世界研究人员对钙钛矿固有稳定性研究的极大关注，并为进一步改善PSC的操作稳定性提供有用的指导。