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Water uptake of apple trees in the Alps: Where does irrigation water go?
Ecohydrology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-12 , DOI: 10.1002/eco.2306
Daniele Penna 1 , Damiano Zanotelli 2 , Francesca Scandellari 2, 3 , Agnese Aguzzoni 2, 4 , Michael Engel 2, 5 , Massimo Tagliavini 2 , Francesco Comiti 2
Affiliation  

Understanding root water uptake sources in agricultural systems is becoming increasingly important in the sustainable management of water resources under changing climatic conditions. In this work, a stable isotope approach was adopted to investigate water sources accessed by apple trees in two orchards growing in two different locations in the upper Etsch/Adige valley (Eastern Italian Alps). We tested the general hypothesis that soil water, composed of a mixture of rain and irrigation water, was the main source for tree transpiration in both fields, but trees could also access groundwater according to the different proximity to the groundwater table of the two orchards. Our results revealed that apple trees during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons relied mostly on soil water present in the upper 20–40 cm of soils, with an apparently negligible contribution of groundwater, irrespective of the field location in the valley bottom. The isotopic composition of xylem water did not reflect irrigation water composition (or that of groundwater) but rather of rainfall and throughfall, and soil water. We related this behaviour to the intense rate of soil evaporation during the growing period that modified the original isotopic signature of irrigation water in the shallower layers, masking its actual contribution. This work contributes to improving the understanding of water uptake strategies in Alpine apple orchards and paves the way for further analysis on the proportion of irrigation and rainwater used by apple trees in mountain agroecosystems.

中文翻译:

阿尔卑斯山苹果树的吸水:灌溉水流向何处?

在不断变化的气候条件下,了解农业系统中根系吸水源对于水资源的可持续管理变得越来越重要。在这项工作中,采用稳定同位素方法来调查生长在埃奇/阿迪杰山谷上游(意大利东部阿尔卑斯山)两个不同位置的两个果园中的苹果树获取的水源。我们检验了一般假设,即土壤水由雨水和灌溉水的混合物组成,是这两个领域树木蒸腾作用的主要来源,但树木也可以根据两个果园与地下水位的不同接近程度获取地下水。我们的研究结果表明,2015 年和 2016 年生长季节的苹果树主要依赖于表层 20-40 厘米土壤中的土壤水分,与谷底的田地位置无关,地下水的贡献明显可以忽略不计。木质部水的同位素组成不反映灌溉水的组成(或地下水的组成),而是反映降雨量和通入量以及土壤水的同位素组成。我们将这种行为与生长期土壤蒸发的剧烈速度联系起来,这种速度改变了较浅层灌溉水的原始同位素特征,掩盖了其实际贡献。这项工作有助于提高对高山苹果园吸水策略的理解,并为进一步分析山地农业生态系统中苹果树灌溉和雨水的使用比例铺平道路。木质部水的同位素组成不反映灌溉水的组成(或地下水的组成),而是反映降雨量和通入量以及土壤水的同位素组成。我们将这种行为与生长期土壤蒸发的剧烈速度联系起来,这种速度改变了较浅层灌溉水的原始同位素特征,掩盖了其实际贡献。这项工作有助于提高对高山苹果园吸水策略的理解,并为进一步分析山地农业生态系统中苹果树灌溉和雨水的使用比例铺平道路。木质部水的同位素组成不反映灌溉水的组成(或地下水的组成),而是反映降雨量和通入量以及土壤水的同位素组成。我们将这种行为与生长期土壤蒸发的剧烈速度联系起来,这种速度改变了较浅层灌溉水的原始同位素特征,掩盖了其实际贡献。这项工作有助于提高对高山苹果园吸水策略的理解,并为进一步分析山地农业生态系统中苹果树灌溉和雨水的使用比例铺平道路。我们将这种行为与生长期土壤蒸发的剧烈速度联系起来,这种速度改变了较浅层灌溉水的原始同位素特征,掩盖了其实际贡献。这项工作有助于提高对高山苹果园吸水策略的理解,并为进一步分析山地农业生态系统中苹果树灌溉和雨水的使用比例铺平道路。我们将这种行为与生长期土壤蒸发的剧烈速度联系起来,这种速度改变了较浅层灌溉水的原始同位素特征,掩盖了其实际贡献。这项工作有助于提高对高山苹果园吸水策略的理解,并为进一步分析山地农业生态系统中苹果树灌溉和雨水的使用比例铺平道路。
更新日期:2021-05-12
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