While scholarship suggests that improving tenure security and housing significantly reduces disaster risk at the household level within urban settings, this assertion has not been adequately tested. Tenure security can be conceived as being composed of three interrelated and overlapping forms: tenure security as determined by legal systems; de facto tenure security; and tenure security as perceived by residents. This article traces the relationship between tenure security, the quality of housing, and disaster risk on the basis of a mixed methods comparative case study of the settlements of Kawangware and Kibera in Nairobi. Although the findings suggest that owner-occupancy is associated with the structural integrity of dwellings to a greater extent than tenantship, no association was found between the length of occupancy by households and the structural integrity of the dwelling. Moreover, tenantship is not found to be closely associated with fires and flooding affecting the dwelling as extant scholarship would suggest. Formal ownership is linked with greater investment and upgrading of property with significant implications for disaster risk. Our findings highlight the complex relationship between tenure security and disaster risk in urban informal settlements and provide impetus for further investigation.

虽然有学者认为，改善保有权保障和住房可以大大降低城市环境中家庭一级的灾难风险，但这一说法尚未得到充分验证。权属保障可以被认为是由三个相互关联和重叠的形式组成：法律制度确定的权属保障；实际使用权保障；和居民所认为的保有权保障。本文基于内罗毕的Kawangware和Kibera定居点的混合方法比较案例研究，跟踪了权属安全，住房质量和灾难风险之间的关系。尽管研究结果表明，业主占有与住房结构完整性的关系远大于租约，在住户的居住时间和住所的结构完整性之间未发现任何关联。而且，没有现存的奖学金表明，租约与火灾和洪水影响住所没有密切关系。正式所有权与更大的投资和财产升级有关，这对灾难风险具有重大影响。我们的研究结果突显了城市非正式居住区权属保障与灾害风险之间的复杂关系，并为进一步调查提供了动力。