A precise measurement of the curvature of the Universe is of prime importance for cosmology since it could not only confirm the paradigm of primordial inflation but also help in discriminating between different early-Universe scenarios. Recent observations, while broadly consistent with a spatially flat standard $\Lambda$ Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model, show tensions that still allow (and, in some cases, even suggest) a few percent deviations from a flat universe. In particular, the Planck Cosmic Microwave Background power spectra, assuming the nominal likelihood, prefer a closed universe at more than 99% confidence level. While new physics could be at play, this anomaly may be the result of an unresolved systematic error or just a statistical fluctuation. However, since positive curvature allows a larger age of the Universe, an accurate determination of the age of the oldest objects provides a smoking gun in confirming or falsifying the current flat $\Lambda$CDM model.

精确测量宇宙曲率对宇宙学至关重要，因为它不仅可以确认原始膨胀的范式，而且可以帮助区分早期宇宙的不同情况。最近的观察结果，虽然与空间平坦的标准大体上一致$\Lambda$ 冷暗物质（$\Lambda$CDM）模型显示出的张力仍然允许（在某些情况下甚至表明）与平坦宇宙的偏差为百分之几。尤其是，假设名义上的可能性，普朗克宇宙微波背景功率谱更倾向于在99％的置信度水平下使用封闭的宇宙。尽管可能会出现新的物理学现象，但这种异常可能是由于未解决的系统错误或只是统计上的波动而引起的。但是，由于正曲率允许更大的宇宙年龄，因此准确确定最古老的物体的年龄将为确定或篡改当前单位提供一个烟枪。$\Lambda$CDM模型。