Human-wildlife problems often arise when predators kill livestock. This can develop into serious conflicts between traditional pastoralists and other stakeholders, such as government officials and conservationists. In the Yamal Peninsula (Russia), nearly half of the indigenous Nenets people are reindeer herders. They have recently faced many challenges, such as high mortality of reindeer from pasture icing or disease outbreaks. In addition, predation of arctic fox on reindeer calves is perceived as an increasing problem. Here, we use an interdisciplinary approach to study this emerging predation problem. We present here results from semi-structured interviews with indigenous people, as well as from biological monitoring of fox populations. Our field data were obtained in Erkuta, in the south of Yamal and in Sabetta in the north, close to a newly built industrial settlement. We show how different factors may have come together to create a problematic situation. These factors include the abandonment of the fur trade in the 1990s, the building of huge industrial facilities providing possible resource subsidies and the increasing frequency of abnormal weather events leading to weak reindeer, high reindeer mortality and abundant carcasses as resources for predators. We discuss how each of these factors affects the abundance of predators as well as the understanding of the herders.

捕食者杀死牲畜时通常会出现人类野生生物问题。这可能会演变成传统的牧民与政府官员和保护主义者等其他利益相关者之间的严重冲突。在亚马尔半岛（俄罗斯），涅涅茨人中有近一半是驯鹿牧民。他们最近面临许多挑战，例如由于牧场结冰或疾病暴发而导致的驯鹿高死亡率。另外，北极狐在驯鹿犊牛上的捕食被认为是一个日益严重的问题。在这里，我们使用一种跨学科的方法来研究这个新兴的捕食问题。我们在这里展示的是对土著人民的半结构化访谈以及对狐狸种群的生物监测得出的结果。我们的现场数据是在亚马尔南部的埃尔库塔和北部的萨贝塔获得的，靠近新建的工业住区。我们展示了不同的因素可能如何共同造成问题。这些因素包括在1990年代放弃了皮草贸易，建立了庞大的工业设施以提供可能的资源补贴以及异常天气事件的频率增加，导致驯鹿活动薄弱，驯鹿死亡率高和as体作为捕食者的资源。我们讨论了这些因素中的每一个如何影响捕食者的数量以及对牧民的了解。大型工业设施的建设提供了可能的资源补贴，异常天气事件的发生频率越来越高，导致驯鹿无力，驯鹿死亡率高和abundant体作为捕食者的资源。我们讨论了这些因素中的每一个如何影响捕食者的数量以及对牧民的了解。大型工业设施的建设提供了可能的资源补贴，异常天气事件的发生频率越来越高，导致驯鹿无力，驯鹿死亡率高和abundant体作为捕食者的资源。我们讨论了这些因素中的每一个如何影响捕食者的数量以及对牧民的了解。