The attribute framing effect, where people judge a quantity of an item more positively with a positively described attribute (e.g., “75% lean”) than its negative, albeit normatively equivalent description (e.g., “25% fat”), is a robust phenomenon, which may be moderated under certain conditions. In this paper, we investigated the moderating effect of the characteristics of the quantifier term: its format (verbal, e.g., “high,” or numerical, e.g., “75%”) and magnitude (i.e., if it is a small or large quantity) using positive or negative synonyms of attributes (e.g., energy vs. calories). Over five pre-registered studies using a 2 (synonym, between-subjects: positive or negative) × 2 (quantifier format, between-subjects: verbal or numerical) × 2 (quantifier magnitude, within-subjects: small or large) mixed design, we manipulated quantifier format and magnitude orthogonally for synonyms with differing valence. We also tested two mechanisms for the framing effect: whether the effect was mediated by the affect associated with the frame and whether participants inferred the speaker to be positive about the target. We found a framing effect with synonyms that was reversed in direction for the small (vs. large) quantifiers, but not significantly moderated by quantifier format. Both the affect associated with the frame and the inferred level of speaker positivity partially mediated the framing effect, and the level of mediation varied with quantifier magnitude. These results suggest that the magnitude of the quantifier modifies one's evaluation of the frame, and the mechanism for people's evaluations in a framing situation may differ for small and large quantifiers.

中文翻译：

---

量词的特征缓和了框架效应

属性框架效应，即人们用正面描述的属性（例如，“75% 瘦”）比其负面（尽管规范上等效的描述（例如，“25% 脂肪”））更积极地判断一个项目的数量，是一种稳健的现象，在一定条件下可以缓和。在本文中，我们研究了量词特征的调节作用：它的格式（语言，例如“high”或数字，例如“75%”）和大小（即，它是小还是大数量）使用属性的正面或负面同义词（例如，能量与卡路里）。使用 2（同义词，受试者间：正面或负面）×2（量词格式，受试者间：口头或数字）×2（量词大小，受试者内：小或大）混合设计的五项以上预先注册的研究, 我们为具有不同化合价的同义词正交地操纵量词格式和幅度。我们还测试了框架效应的两种机制：该效应是否由与框架相关的情感介导，以及参与者是否推断说话者对目标持肯定态度。我们发现同义词的框架效应在小（与大）量词的方向上是相反的，但量词格式没有显着缓和。与框架相关的影响和推断的说话者积极性水平都部分地介导了框架效应，并且中介水平随量词幅度而变化。这些结果表明，量词的大小改变了一个人对框架的评价，以及人们对框架的评价的机制。