Introduction/objectives

The objective of the study was to provide echocardiographic reference intervals for English bulldogs (EBs) and to assess if age, sex, body weight (BW), and heart rate have an influence on echocardiographic variables.

Animals

We prospectively enrolled client-owned EBs that were considered healthy based on unremarkable history, normal physical examination, six-lead electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography.

Materials and methods

Breed-related reference intervals were provided, and associations between age, sex, BW, and heart rate and echocardiographic variables were tested using a multivariate analysis. Allometric scales were generated for echocardiographic variables showing correlation with BW. Moreover, echocardiographic variables obtained in our population of EBs and previous published reference ranges were compared.

Results

Echocardiographic reference intervals were generated from 50 healthy adult EBs. As per the multivariate analysis, left atrial diameter (p = 0.015), left ventricular internal end diastolic diameter (p = 0.002), aortic valve annulus (p = 0.032), and pulmonary valve annulus (p = 0.017) resulted influenced by BW, and reference intervals were generated using allometric scales. Our study suggests that EBs tend to have a smaller aortic root and sphericity index than other breeds. In addition, EBs seem to have smaller indexed left ventricular volumes and higher left ventricular ejection fraction than boxers and Doberman.

Conclusion

Preliminary reference intervals in the EBs are reported, which might be helpful for accurate echocardiographic interpretation and screening purposes in this breed.

中文翻译：

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50 只健康英国斗牛犬的超声心动图参数：初步参考区间

介绍/目标

该研究的目的是为英国斗牛犬 (EB) 提供超声心动图参考区间，并评估年龄、性别、体重 (BW) 和心率是否对超声心动图变量有影响。

动物

我们前瞻性地纳入了基于无明显病史、体格检查正常、六导联心电图和经胸超声心动图被认为是健康的客户拥有的 EB。

材料和方法

提供了与品种相关的参考区间，并使用多变量分析测试了年龄、性别、体重、心率和超声心动图变量之间的关联。为显示与 BW 相关性的超声心动图变量生成异速生长量表。此外，比较了在我们的 EB 人群中获得的超声心动图变量和以前公布的参考范围。

结果

超声心动图参考区间由 50 名健康成人 EB 生成。根据多变量分析，左心房内径（p  = 0.015）、左心室舒张末期内径（p  = 0.002）、主动脉瓣环（p  = 0.032）和肺动脉瓣环（p  = 0.017）受 BW 影响，使用异速生长量表生成参考区间。我们的研究表明，与其他品种相比，EB 的主动脉根部和球形指数往往更小。此外，与拳击手和杜宾犬相比，EB 似乎具有更小的左心室容积指数和更高的左心室射血分数。

结论

报告了 EB 中的初步参考区间，这可能有助于该品种的准确超声心动图解释和筛选目的。