Electric vehicles are gradually replacing some of the traditional fuel vehicles because of their characteristics in low pollution, energy-saving and environmental protection. In recent years, concerns over the explosion and combustion of batteries in electric vehicles are rising, and effective battery thermal management has become key point research. Phase change materials (PCM) can absorb or release a large amount of latent heat during the phase change process while maintaining a constant temperature (phase change temperature). In this paper, STAR-CCM+ software is used to carry out three-dimensional simulation of single cell and battery packs with PCM to investigate changing characteristics of battery temperature rise and temperature difference during the cooling and heat preservation process. At the same time, temperature rise and temperature difference of battery are analyzed under different ambient temperatures, convection heat transfer coefficients and phase change latent heats of PCMs. In summer, at an ambient temperature of 30 °C, when using PCM, the battery cell temperature can be reduced by 4 °C in 1800 s, which is about 8.6% lower than that without PCM. In winter, at an ambient temperature of −5 °C, the PCM with a melting point about 20 °C can keep the battery cell temperature drop of no more than 28% within 6700 s at a higher convection coefficient of 5 W/m²·K. Comparing the temperature of the battery pack with that of the battery cell, in the summer with an ambient temperature of 30 °C, the temperature of the battery pack decreased by 13.3 °C in 3600 s, while in the winter with an ambient temperature of −30 °C, the temperature of the battery pack increased by 14.3 °C in 5700 s. The use of phase change materials is conducive for batteries in electric vehicles to dissipate heat in summer and preserve heat in winter.

电动汽车由于其低污染，节能和环保的特点，正在逐步取代一些传统的燃料汽车。近年来，对电动汽车中电池的爆炸和燃烧的关注日益增加，有效的电池热管理已成为研究的重点。相变材料（PCM）在相变过程中可以吸收或释放大量潜热，同时保持恒定的温度（相变温度）。本文使用STAR-CCM +软件对带有PCM的单节电池和电池组进行三维仿真，以研究在冷却和保温过程中电池温度上升和温差的变化特征。同时，分析了不同环境温度，相变传热系数和相变潜热的电池温度升高和温差。在夏季，在30°C的环境温度下，使用PCM时，可以在1800 s内将电池温度降低4°C，这比不使用PCM的电池温度降低了8.6％。在冬天，在-5°C的环境温度下，具有约20°C的熔点的PCM可以在6700 s内以5 W / m的较高对流系数将电池单元温度降落不超过28％比没有PCM的产品低6％。在冬天，在-5°C的环境温度下，具有约20°C的熔点的PCM可以在6700 s内以5 W / m的较高对流系数将电池单元温度降落不超过28％比没有PCM的产品低6％。在冬天，在-5°C的环境温度下，具有约20°C的熔点的PCM可以在6700 s内以5 W / m的较高对流系数将电池单元温度降落不超过28％² ·K。将电池组的温度与电池组的温度进行比较，在夏天的环境温度为30°C时，电池组的温度在3600 s内下降了13.3°C，而在冬天的环境温度为30°C。 -30°C，电池组温度在5700 s内升高了14.3°C。相变材料的使用有利于电动汽车中的电池在夏天消散热量并在冬天保持热量。