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Tectonic position, structure, and Holocene activity of the Hofsjökull volcanic system, central Iceland
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107277
Ásta Rut Hjartardóttir , Páll Einarsson

The Hofsjökull volcanic system is located at the northern border of the Hreppar microplate on the Mid-Atlantic plate boundary in Iceland, between the more active Western and Eastern volcanic zones. In this study, fractures, and faults within the fissure swarms of the volcanic system were mapped and the throw and orientation of faults measured. This was done using both aerial photographs and ArcticDEM digital elevation models, as well as during fieldwork. The Hofsjökull volcanic system contains 3–4 fissure swarms extending northwards or southwards from the glacially covered Hofsjökull central volcano. Although these fissure swarms have been active during the Holocene, no clear sink holes were found along the faults, suggesting that they have been filled by sediments. This indicates that the fissure swarms have been less active than fissure swarms in other branches of the plate boundary in Iceland where GPS geodetic measurements show current spreading. Unbroken hyaloclastite covering a fault in the northern Hofsjökull fissure swarm suggests that this part of the northern Hofsjökull fissure swarm has not been active since the earliest part of Holocene, or during the latest stage of glaciation in the area. Still, the fault scarps in the northern Hofsjökull fissure swarm are rather sharp, indicating little erosion by glaciers. This may suggest increased activity in the Hofsjökull fissure swarm during the end of the last glaciation or at the beginning of the Holocene, which is in line with other studies showing increased magmatic activity in Iceland during that period. Fractured Holocene lava flows in the southern and western Hofsjökull fissure swarms indicate that they have been active during the Holocene. The Kerlingarfjöll rhyolitic massif is located south of the Hofsjökull central volcano. The southern fissure swarms are located both east and west of Kerlingarfjöll, but no clear indications are found of the fissure swarm in the rhyolitic massif itself. This may occur as dike intrusions (which likely form the faults) are prevented from penetrating the rhyolite due to density differences, and/or due to the topographic high of Kerlingarfjöll.



中文翻译:

冰岛中部 Hofsjökull 火山系统的构造位置、结构和全新世活动

Hofsjökull 火山系统位于冰岛中大西洋板块边界的 Hreppar 微板块的北部边界,位于更活跃的西部和东部火山区之间。在这项研究中,绘制了火山系统裂隙群内的裂缝和断层,并测量了断层的距离和方向。这是使用航空照片和 ArcticDEM 数字高程模型以及在实地工作期间完成的。Hofsjökull 火山系统包含 3-4 个从被冰川覆盖的 Hofsjökull 中央火山向北或向南延伸的裂隙群。尽管这些裂隙群在全新世期间一直活跃,但沿断层没有发现明显的下沉孔,表明它们已被沉积物填充。这表明裂隙群比冰岛板块边界其他分支中的裂隙群活动要少,在这些分支中,GPS 大地测量显示电流正在扩散。覆盖在北 Hofsjökull 裂隙群断层上的完整透明碎屑岩表明,这部分北 Hofsjökull 裂隙群自全新世早期或该地区冰川作用的最新阶段以来一直没有活动。尽管如此,Hofsjökull 裂隙群北部的断层陡崖相当尖锐,表明冰川侵蚀很少。这可能表明 Hofsjökull 裂隙群在末次冰期末期或全新世初期活动增加,这与其他研究表明,在此期间冰岛岩浆活动增加。南部和西部 Hofsjökull 裂隙群中破碎的全新世熔岩流表明它们在全新世期间一直活跃。Kerlingarfjöll 流纹岩地块位于 Hofsjökull 中央火山以南。南部裂隙群位于 Kerlingarfjöll 的东部和西部,但在流纹岩地块本身没有发现裂隙群的明确迹象。这可能是因为由于密度差异和/或由于 Kerlingarfjöll 的地形高位阻止了堤防侵入(可能形成断层)而无法穿透流纹岩。但在流纹岩地块本身中没有发现裂隙群的明确迹象。这可能是因为由于密度差异和/或由于 Kerlingarfjöll 的地形高位阻止了堤防侵入(可能形成断层)而无法穿透流纹岩。但在流纹岩地块本身中没有发现裂隙群的明确迹象。这可能是因为由于密度差异和/或由于 Kerlingarfjöll 的地形高位阻止了堤防侵入(可能形成断层)而无法穿透流纹岩。

更新日期:2021-06-28
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