Recently, introducing computer science and educational robots in compulsory education has received increasing attention. However, the use of screens in classrooms is often met with resistance, especially in primary school. To address this issue, this study presents the development of a handwriting-based programming language for educational robots. Aiming to align better with existing classroom practices, it allows students to program a robot by drawing symbols with ordinary pens and paper. Regular smartphones are leveraged to process the hand-drawn instructions using computer vision and machine learning algorithms, and send the commands to the robot for execution. To align with the local computer science curriculum, an appropriate playground and scaffolded learning tasks were designed. The system was evaluated in a preliminary test with eight teachers, developers and educational researchers. While the participants pointed out that some technical aspects could be improved, they also acknowledged the potential of the approach to make computer science education in primary school more accessible.

中文翻译：

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探索教育机器人的手写编程语言

最近，在义务教育中引入计算机科学和教育机器人受到越来越多的关注。但是，在教室中使用屏幕经常会遇到阻力，尤其是在小学阶段。为了解决这个问题，本研究提出了一种用于教育机器人的基于手写的编程语言的开发。为了更好地与现有的课堂做法保持一致，它允许学生通过用普通的笔和纸画符号来对机器人进行编程。常规的智能手机可利用计算机视觉和机器学习算法来处理手绘指令，并将命令发送给机器人以执行。为了与本地计算机科学课程保持一致，设计了一个合适的游乐场和脚手架学习任务。该系统在八名教师，开发人员和教育研究人员的初步测试中进行了评估。尽管参与者指出可以改进某些技术方面，但他们也承认该方法具有使小学计算机科学教育更容易获得的潜力。