Depression is a common problem with debilitating effects. Both negative interpretation biases and rumination are related to depression, but how these factors interact to produce depression is unclear. Prior cross-sectional research indicates that negative interpretation biases have an indirect effect on depression symptoms through rumination, but to date, no longitudinal studies have examined this indirect effect, and prior studies have not differentiated between rumination subtypes. To examine these questions, data were collected online at three time points from undergraduates. Simple mediational models examined whether negative interpretation bias had an indirect effect on depression symptoms through rumination and rumination subtypes (brooding and reflection), and reverse models examined direction of effects. Cross-sectional analysis supported prior findings that interpretation bias had an indirect effect on depression symptoms through rumination, β = −.19, 95%CI [−.23, −.14], through both brooding, β = −.14, 95%CI [−.18, −.10], and reflection subtypes, β = −.09, 95%CI [−.12, −.05]. However, longitudinal analyses found no indirect effects of interpretation bias on depression symptoms through rumination, β = −.02, 95%CI [−.07, .02]; brooding: β = −.02, 95%CI [−.06, .01], reflection: β = .01, 95%CI [−.02, .04]. These longitudinal results contradict findings that cognitive biases lead to depression symptoms through rumination. The complex interplay between cognitive biases, rumination, and depression remains an important direction for future research.

抑郁症是一个使人衰弱的常见问题。消极的解释偏见和反省都与抑郁有关，但这些因素如何相互作用产生抑郁尚不清楚。先前的横断面研究表明，消极的解释偏见通过反刍对抑郁症状具有间接影响，但迄今为止，尚无纵向研究检查这种间接影响，并且先前的研究尚未对反刍亚型进行区分。为了研究这些问题，我们在三个时间点在线从大学生那里收集了数据。简单的中介模型检查了消极的解释偏见是否通过反刍和反刍亚型（沉思和反思）对抑郁症状产生了间接影响，而相反的模型则考察了影响的方向。横断面分析支持先前的发现，即解释偏见通过反刍对抑郁症状具有间接影响，β= -.19，95％CI [-.23，-.14]，通过两种育雏，β= -.14，95 ％CI [-.18，-.10]和反射子类型，β= -.09，95％CI [-.12，-.05]。然而，纵向分析发现，反刍对解释症状没有间接的影响，β= -.02，95％CI [-.07，.02]。孵化：β= -.02，95％CI [-.06，.01]，反射：β= .01，95％CI [-.02，.04]。这些纵向结果与认知偏见通过反刍导致抑郁症状的发现相矛盾。认知偏见，反省和抑郁之间复杂的相互作用仍然是未来研究的重要方向。通过育雏β= -.14、95％CI [-.18，-。10]和反射子类型β= -.19，95％CI [-.23，-.14]。 09，95％CI [-.12，-。05]。然而，纵向分析发现，反刍对解释症状没有间接的影响，β= -.02，95％CI [-.07，.02]。孵化：β= -.02，95％CI [-.06，.01]，反射：β= .01，95％CI [-.02，.04]。这些纵向结果与认知偏见通过反刍导致抑郁症状的发现相矛盾。认知偏差，反省和抑郁之间复杂的相互作用仍然是未来研究的重要方向。通过育雏β= -.14、95％CI [-.18，-。10]和反射子类型β= -.19，95％CI [-.23，-.14]。 09，95％CI [-.12，-。05]。然而，纵向分析发现，反刍对解释症状没有间接的影响，β= -.02，95％CI [-.07，.02]。孵化：β= -.02，95％CI [-.06，.01]，反射：β= .01，95％CI [-.02，.04]。这些纵向结果与认知偏见通过反刍导致抑郁症状的发现相矛盾。认知偏差，反省和抑郁之间复杂的相互作用仍然是未来研究的重要方向。纵向分析发现，反刍没有偏见通过反刍对抑郁症状的间接影响，β= -.02，95％CI [-.07，.02]；孵化：β= -.02，95％CI [-.06，.01]，反射：β= .01，95％CI [-.02，.04]。这些纵向结果与认知偏见通过反刍导致抑郁症状的发现相矛盾。认知偏差，反省和抑郁之间复杂的相互作用仍然是未来研究的重要方向。纵向分析发现，反刍没有偏见通过反刍对抑郁症状的间接影响，β= -.02，95％CI [-.07，.02]；孵化：β= -.02，95％CI [-.06，.01]，反射：β= .01，95％CI [-.02，.04]。这些纵向结果与认知偏见通过反刍导致抑郁症状的发现相矛盾。认知偏差，反省和抑郁之间复杂的相互作用仍然是未来研究的重要方向。