Introduction: Weight loss in old age increases the risk of sarcopenia caused by the age-related reduction of fat-free mass (FFM). Due to the strong correlation between FFM and resting energy expenditure (REE), the maintenance of this must also be considered. Besides, the physical function (PF) must be maintained. Objective: The impact of protein intake on changes in FFM, REE, and PF during weight loss in overweight postmenopausal women was investigated. Methods: Fifty-four postmenopausal women (BMI 30.9 ± 3.4; age 59 ± 7 years) were randomized into 2 groups receiving energy-restricted diets with either 0.8 g (normal protein; NP) or 1.5 g protein/kg body weight (high protein; HP) for 12 weeks, followed by a 6-month follow-up phase with an ad libitum food intake. FFM, REE, and PF (strength, endurance, and balance) were measured at baseline, after weight loss, and after follow-up. Results: Forty-six women completed the weight loss intervention and 29 were followed up. The weight loss was –4.6 ± 3.6 kg (HP) and –5.2 ± 3.4 kg (NP; both p #x3c; 0.001) and the weight regain during follow-up was 1.3 ± 2.8 kg (HP; p = 0.03) and 0.4 ± 2.5 kg (NP; p = 0.39), with no differences between groups. Similar decreases in FFM (–0.9 ± 1.1 [HP] vs. –1.0 ± 1.3 kg [NP]) and REE (–862 ± 569 [HP] vs. –1,000 ± 561 kJ [NP]; both p #x3c; 0.001) were observed in both groups. During follow-up, no changes in FFM were detected in either group, whereas in the NP group the REE increased again (+138 ± 296; p = 0.02). The main determinants of FFM loss were the energy deficit and the speed of weight loss. In the NP group, the Short Physical Performance Battery score improved with weight loss (+0.6 ± 0.8; p #x3c; 0.001) and handgrip strength decreased (–1.7 ± 3.4 kg; p #x3c; 0.001), whereas no changes were observed in the HP group. Conclusions: An HP weight-loss diet without exercise had no impact on preservation of FFM and REE but may help to maintain muscle strength in postmenopausal women.
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中文翻译：

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减肥期间蛋白质摄入量对超重绝经后女性无脂肪质量、静息能量消耗和身体机能的影响：一项随机对照试验

介绍：老年期体重减轻会增加因年龄相关的无脂肪量 (FFM) 减少而导致的肌肉减少症风险。由于 FFM 与静息能量消耗 (REE) 之间的强相关性，因此还必须考虑对其进行维护。此外，必须保持身体机能（PF）。目的：研究蛋白质摄入量对绝经后超重女性减肥期间 FFM、REE 和 PF 变化的影响。方法：54 名绝经后妇女（BMI 30.9 ± 3.4；年龄 59 ± 7 岁）随机分为 2 组，接受能量限制饮食，0.8 g（正常蛋白质；NP）或 1.5 g 蛋白质/kg 体重（高蛋白质；HP） ) 12 周，然后是 6 个月的随访阶段，随意摄入食物。在基线、体重减轻后和随访后测量 FFM、REE 和 PF（力量、耐力和平衡）。结果： 46 名女性完成了减肥干预，29 名获得了随访。体重减轻为 –4.6 ± 3.6 kg (HP) 和 –5.2 ± 3.4 kg (NP；两者p #x3c；0.001)，随访期间体重恢复为 1.3 ± 2.8 kg (HP；p = 0.03) 和 0.4 ± 2.5 kg (NP; p= 0.39)，组间没有差异。FFM（–0.9 ± 1.1 [HP] 与–1.0 ± 1.3 kg [NP]）和REE（–862 ± 569 [HP] 与–1,000 ± 561 kJ [NP]；两者均p #x3c；0.001 ) 在两组中均观察到。在随访期间，两组均未检测到 FFM 的变化，而 NP 组的 REE 再次增加（+138 ± 296；p = 0.02）。FFM 损失的主要决定因素是能量不足和体重减轻的速度。在 NP 组中，Short Physical Performance Battery 评分随着体重减轻（+0.6 ± 0.8；p #x3c；0.001）和握力降低（–1.7 ± 3.4 kg；p #x3c；0.001）而提高，但没有观察到任何变化在惠普集团。结论：没有运动的 HP 减肥饮食对 FFM 和 REE 的保存没有影响，但可能有助于保持绝经后妇女的肌肉力量。
肥胖事实