Postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) is a common complication of major surgery that is strongly associated with short-term surgical complications and long-term adverse outcomes, including increased risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events and death. Risk factors for PO-AKI include older age and comorbid diseases such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. PO-AKI is best defined as AKI occurring within 7 days of an operative intervention using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition of AKI; however, additional prognostic information may be gained from detailed clinical assessment and other diagnostic investigations in the form of a focused kidney health assessment (KHA). Prevention of PO-AKI is largely based on identification of high baseline risk, monitoring and reduction of nephrotoxic insults, whereas treatment involves the application of a bundle of interventions to avoid secondary kidney injury and mitigate the severity of AKI. As PO-AKI is strongly associated with long-term adverse outcomes, some form of follow-up KHA is essential; however, the form and location of this will be dictated by the nature and severity of the AKI. In this Consensus Statement, we provide graded recommendations for AKI after non-cardiac surgery and highlight priorities for future research.

术后急性肾损伤 (PO-AKI) 是大手术的常见并发症，与短期手术并发症和长期不良结局密切相关，包括慢性肾病、心血管事件和死亡风险增加。PO-AKI 的危险因素包括高龄和合并症，如慢性肾病和糖尿病。PO-AKI 最好定义为使用 AKI 的肾脏疾病改善全球结局 (KDIGO) 定义在手术干预后 7 天内发生 AKI；然而，可以从详细的临床评估和其他以重点肾脏健康评估 (KHA) 形式的诊断调查中获得额外的预后信息。预防 PO-AKI 主要基于识别高基线风险、监测和减少肾毒性损伤，而治疗涉及应用一系列干预措施以避免继发性肾损伤并减轻 AKI 的严重程度。由于 PO-AKI 与长期不良结局密切相关，因此某种形式的 KHA 随访是必不可少的；然而，其形式和位置将取决于 AKI 的性质和严重程度。在本共识声明中，我们为非心脏手术后的 AKI 提供分级建议，并强调未来研究的优先事项。