The future of the native European crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes depends on accurate conservation management. The goal of this paper is to attempt an investigation of the major ethical conflicts that can emerge in the conservation of this endangered crayfish threatened by invasive competitors, introduced diseases, and landscape alteration. To assess this issue, we will employ the Ethical Matrix, in a version explicitly tailored for its use in conservation. The filled Ethical Matrix will highlight several potential conflicts between values such as environmental protection, social and economic interests, animal welfare, cultural and aesthetic value, etc. We will discuss these conflicts, alongside some potential mitigating strategies present in the literature. We will stress in particular the need to take into account the ethical principle of fairness when assessing the economic and recreational value of invasive species, especially concerning the unfair distribution of costs. Moreover, we will assert the importance of conservation of A. pallipes both for its existence value and for its role as an umbrella and keystone species. Beyond its focus on A. pallipes, the Ethical Matrix here discussed might also provide insights on the value conflicts relative to analogous in situ conservation efforts involving a native species threatened by invasive alien competitors.

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中文翻译：

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保护本地物种的价值冲突：基于欧洲濒临灭绝的白爪小龙虾的案例研究

欧洲本土小龙虾Austropotamobius pallipes的未来取决于准确的养护管理。本文的目的是尝试调查在保护这种受到入侵竞争者，引入疾病和景观改变威胁的濒危小龙虾时可能出现的主要伦理冲突。为了评估此问题，我们将使用道德矩阵，该矩阵的版本专门针对其在保护中的使用而设计。填充的道德矩阵将突出环境保护，社会经济利益，动物福利，文化和审美价值等价值观之间的若干潜在冲突。我们将讨论这些冲突以及文献中存在的一些潜在缓解策略。我们将特别强调，在评估入侵物种的经济和娱乐价值时，尤其是在费用的不公平分配方面，必须考虑到公平的道德原则。此外，我们将主张保护自然资源的重要性。A. pallipes既有其生存价值，又有其作为雨伞和基石物种的作用。除了侧重于苍白苍术之外，这里讨论的道德矩阵还可能提供与相对类似的就地保护工作所涉及的价值冲突有关的见解，其中涉及受入侵外来竞争者威胁的本地物种。

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