Due to their physical, chemical, optical, and mechanical properties, metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are increasingly being used, with an emphasis on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In recent years, green synthesis has gained prominence for exploring the use of naturally available biological sources for the obtention of metallic nanoparticles. Among these, algae and plants stand out due to the presence of polysaccharides, proteins, polyphenols, and vitamins (among others) in their composition, which can act in the reduction and stabilisation of MNPs, and these biogenic materials have been characterised mainly by spectrometric and microscopic techniques. In addition, due to the numerous advantages of nanoparticles (NPs) synthetize from biogenic source, such as their simplicity and cost benefits, they have been used in the development of sensors applied in the determination of contaminants present in environmental samples and in the catalytic reduction of organic and inorganic contaminants. Therefore, this review describes the synthesis, mechanisms, characterization, and environmental analytical applications of NPs obtained by biogenic synthesis as well as the perspectives and challenges of these NPs.

由于其物理，化学，光学和机械性能，金属纳米颗粒（MNP）越来越多地被使用，重点是银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）和金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）。近年来，绿色合成因探索使用天然生物来源获得金属纳米粒子而倍受关注。其中，藻类和植物因其成分中存在多糖，蛋白质，多酚和维生素（其中包括维生素）而脱颖而出，它们可以起到MNP的减少和稳定的作用，这些生物材料主要通过光谱法进行表征。和微观技术。此外，由于从生物来源合成纳米颗粒（NP）的众多优势，例如其简单性和成本优势，它们已用于传感器的开发，该传感器可用于确定环境样品中存在的污染物以及催化还原有机和无机污染物。因此，本综述描述了通过生物合成获得的NP的合成，机理，表征和环境分析应用，以及这些NP的观点和挑战。