Organizations strive to develop a variety of capabilities to improve and measure business processes. Researchers have used various maturity models to investigate the development of a business process orientation (BPO), and most have argued that such a development comes in stages. Current literature underestimates the interrelationships between BPO capabilities and fails to consider multidimensional or non-linear paths to maturity. To refine the features of maturity models, this study relies on configuration theory to uncover different archetypes for BPO development and quantitatively evaluate them by examining performance differences among archetypes based on a large-scale international dataset. The resulting empirical taxonomy with seven BPO archetypes establishes important performance differences between organizations at a similar maturity level. Besides strengthening the theoretical foundations of BPO and making maturity assessments more multifaceted, the results help organizations give their managerial efforts a focus by enabling comparison with peers in the same archetype and showing various paths for BPO improvement.

组织努力开发各种功能来改善和衡量业务流程。研究人员已经使用各种成熟度模型来研究业务流程导向（BPO）的发展，并且大多数人认为这种发展是分阶段进行的。当前的文献低估了BPO能力之间的相互关系，并且没有考虑成熟的多维或非线性路径。为了完善成熟度模型的功能，本研究基于配置理论来发现BPO开发的不同原型，并通过基于大型国际数据集检查原型之间的性能差异来对它们进行定量评估。由此产生的具有7种BPO原型的经验分类法在成熟度相似的组织之间建立了重要的绩效差异。