War commemoration either solidifies or undermines the nation. Studying the evolution of Belgian nationalism during and between the two World Wars, the authors argue that the impact of war commemoration on nationalism is conditional on the military networks in which warfare was embedded. The authors rely on commemorative books and archival records to create a unique database of World War I military networks and commemoration as well as nationalist resistance and anti-nationalist collaboration during World War II. Aligned with the main hypothesis, autoregressive network models reveal that if military networks crosscut the regional communities and fostered equal relationships, commemoration was likely to strengthen the defense of the nation. In the absence of these relationships, however, commemoration activated internal fault lines that undermined nationalism. These findings highlight how collective rituals, military organization, and social structure should be studied simultaneously to fully understand the relational dynamics of warfare and nation. This article also calls attention to a distinct set of mechanisms through which organizational and ideational effects produced by one war can carry on to the next.

中文翻译：

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1914-1945 年比利时的战争纪念和民族主义：军事网络的作用

战争纪念会巩固或破坏国家。作者研究了两次世界大战期间和之间比利时民族主义的演变，认为战争纪念活动对民族主义的影响取决于战争所嵌入的军事网络。作者依靠纪念书籍和档案记录，创建了一个独特的第一次世界大战军事网络和纪念数据库，以及第二次世界大战期间的民族主义抵抗和反民族主义合作。与主要假设一致，自回归网络模型表明，如果军事网络跨越区域社区并促进平等关系，纪念活动可能会加强国家的防御。然而，在没有这些关系的情况下，纪念活动激活了破坏民族主义的内部断层线。这些发现强调了如何同时研究集体仪式、军事组织和社会结构，以充分理解战争和国家的关系动态。本文还提请注意一组独特的机制，通过这些机制，一场战争产生的组织和观念影响可以延续到下一场战争。