Electron transfer from transition metal (TM) catalysts deposited on support to reaction molecules adsorbed is a key step in many catalysis reactions. Electron donation from a certain type of support and/or a promotor much enhances this electron transfer. In this paper the author considers requirements for efficient support materials based on a contact resistance between support and metal catalyst, showing metallic nature of the support is much favorable for this purpose. The origin of high performance in cesium promotors is suggested to be electride nature of their suboxides derived from the salts under the reaction conditions. TM-loaded alkali(A)/alkaline earth (AE) hydrides work as efficient catalysts. Since TM forms stronger or comparable bonding with H⁻ compared with A/AE-H bonding, the formation of H-vacancy is much enhanced by TM-deposition. Thus, their high activity may be understood by the formation of surface electride, which serves as an electronic promotor, by deposition of TM on these hydrides. Improvement of electron transfer may be expected for insulating supports if Fermi-level pinning occurs at surface defects created by TM-deposition.

Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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电子从载体/促进剂转移到金属催化剂：有效载体的要求

电子从沉积在载体上的过渡金属（TM）催化剂转移到吸附的反应分子是许多催化反应中的关键步骤。某种类型的支持物和/或促进剂的电子捐赠大大增强了这种电子转移。在本文中，作者考虑了基于载体与金属催化剂之间的接触电阻的高效载体材料的要求，表明载体的金属性质对此非常有利。铯促进剂中高性能的起源被认为是其在反应条件下衍生自盐的低价氧化物的电性质。负载TM的碱金属（A）/碱土金属（AE）氢化物可作为有效的催化剂。由于TM与H形成更牢固或相当的键合^-与A / AE-H键合相比，TM沉积大大提高了H空位的形成。因此，通过在这些氢化物上沉积TM可以形成用作电子促进剂的表面驻极体，可以理解它们的高活性。如果费米能级钉扎发生在由TM沉积产生的表面缺陷上，则可以预期绝缘支撑体的电子传递将得到改善。

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