Epilepsy and depression were proposed to facilitate each other reciprocally through common neurobiological anomalies, especially the prefrontal-limbic-subcortical abnormalities. Yet neuroimaging patterns of higher-order cognitive networks and neuroanatomical correlates were rarely compared in temporal lobe epilepsy patients with (TLE-D) and without depression (TLE-N). We collected T1-weighted structural and resting-state functional MRI data from 20 TLE-D, 31 TLE-N and 20 healthy controls (HCs) and performed analyses including hippocampal volume (HCV), cortical thickness, gray matter volume (GMV) and whole-brain functional network connectivity (FNC) across three groups. Imaging differences were related to clinical and psychological measurements. TLE-D demonstrated disrupted functional role of subcortical (SUB) and higher-order cognitive networks compared to TLE-N and HCs. In TLE-D, GMV in the right supplementary motor area (SMA) and FNC between the dorsal attention (DAN) and SUB were attenuated compared to TLE-N and HCs, FNC between SUB and the visual network (VIS) decreased compared to HCs. GMV in the right SMA was negatively correlated with depression severity and some symptoms. Combined, explicit emotion regulation may be impaired in TLE-D. Meanwhile, compared to HCs, TLE-N showed smaller HCVs, TLE-D and TLE-N showed smaller GMV in the medial orbital frontal gyrus and right hippocampus and hippocampal gyrus, possibly implying predisposition of epileptic activities to co-morbid depression. Our findings suggest distinct anatomical and FNC patterns in TLE-D and TLE-N. More than prefrontal-limbic-subcortical anomalies, disrupted higher-order cognitive network may contribute to depression in TLE, providing new potential treatment targets for depression and calling attention to relation between cognitive dysfunction and co-morbid depression.

癫痫和抑郁症的提出是为了通过常见的神经生物学异常，特别是额叶-前-边缘-皮层下异常来相互促进。然而，在患有（TLE-D）和没有抑郁（TLE-N）的颞叶癫痫患者中，很少比较高阶认知网络和神经解剖学相关性的神经影像学模式。我们收集了来自20个TLE-D，31个TLE-N和20个健康对照（HCs）的T1加权结构和静止状态功能MRI数据，并进行了包括海马体积（HCV），皮质厚度，灰质体积（GMV）和三组之间的全脑功能网络连接（FNC）。影像学差异与临床和心理测量有关。与TLE-N和HCs相比，TLE-D证实了皮层下（SUB）和高阶认知网络的功能作用被破坏。在TLE-D中，与TLE-N和HCs相比，右侧辅助运动区（SMA）的GMV和背侧注意力（DAN）和SUB之间的FNC减弱，SUB和视觉网络（VIS）之间的FNC与HCs相比下降。右SMA中的GMV与抑郁症严重程度和某些症状呈负相关。TLE-D可能会削弱综合的，明确的情绪调节。同时，与HCs相比，TLE-N的HCV较小，TLE-D和TLE-N的眶内额回，右海马和海马回的GMV较小，这可能意味着癫痫病易患合并性抑郁症。我们的发现表明在TLE-D和TLE-N中解剖和FNC模式不同。