ABSTRACT

The archival schools of the post-Soviet countries discussed in this article (Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine), despite having much in common, are quite different from one another. Their similarity is due to a comprehensive legal and methodological base inherited from the USSR, as well as to a well-established common practice. The principles of normative regulation of archiving were laid down in the USSR and built on the basic law on archiving and the normative acts of the central state body responsible for the archival affairs of the country. All the countries examined have retained the principles of forming the terminological system of the professional area through the development of a special national terminological standard which includes the terms given in the fundamental law on archiving. However, the extent to which the terminological systems are elaborated and are consistent both within themselves and with the terminological systems of related fields of activity in each country, is different. The article contains an analytical comparison of the definitions of fundamental archival terms standardised in national standards and laws on archival affairs in the abovementioned countries and in the USSR, and also shows the influence of ISO standards on the development of terminological systems in these countries.

摘要

本文讨论的后苏联国家（哈萨克斯坦，俄罗斯，白俄罗斯和乌克兰）的档案学校尽管有很多共同点，但彼此之间却有很大的不同。之所以相似，是因为苏联继承了全面的法律和方法论基础，并且建立了良好的惯例。苏联规范了归档的规范性规则，并建立在有关归档的基本法律和负责国家归档事务的中央国家机构的规范行为的基础上。所有受审查的国家都保留了通过制定特殊的国家术语标准来形成专业领域术语系统的原则，其中包括归档基本法中给出的术语。然而，术语系统在其内部以及与每个国家相关活动领域的术语系统所拟定的程度以及与之相一致的程度是不同的。本文包含对上述国家和苏联关于归档事务的国家标准和法律中标准化的基本归档术语的定义的分析比较，并且还展示了ISO标准对这些国家术语系统发展的影响。