Azo dye effluents cause severe pollution problems in soil and water and affect their flora and fauna throughout the world. The combination of dye degrading bacteria in the gut of freshwater fish has been considered a prospective approach towards the development of a sustainable environment. In the southernmost part of India, especially in the Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu state, urbanization and industrial development lead to various environmental issues. In lieu, most of the earlier works were carried out on the bacterial dye degradation from soil and water sources, least concentration on the dye degradation from fish gut flora. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of dye degrading bacteria in the gut of freshwater fish collected from the study area. We have studied the aerobic degradation of remazol yellow reactive dye by bacteria forming the gut flora of exotic fish Oreochromis mossambica from river Cauvery at Pallipalayam of Namakkal District, India. Eight dye degrading gut isolates viz. Pseudomonas sp. AD1, Bacillus sp. AD2, Staphylococcus sp. AD3, Staphylococcus AD4, Enterobacter sp. AD5, Escherichia coli AD6, Streptococcus sp. AD7 and Clostridium sp. AD8 were obtained capable of growing in azo dye incorporated in Basic mineral medium (BMM) medium. Optimization study was carried out for various parameters for the selected isolates. Based on the growth, maximum growth was seen in Pseudomonas sp. AD1 (in 0–24 h) and minimum in Escherichia coli.AD 6 (in 72–96 h). Pseudomonas sp. AD1, Enterobacter sp.AD5, and Bacillus sp. AD 2 exhibited efficient dye degradation during 0–96 h analysis which was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Loss of azo group stretch at 1572–76 cm−1 and 1429 cm−1 and presence of primary (–NH2–) and secondary amides (–NH2–), aliphatic –C–N– stretching and confirmed –C–S– stretching in FTIR analysis confirms the breaking down of the azo bond. This study showed that there is a platform for using the bacterial flora of fish gut that paves a prominent way in the degradation of Azo dye.

中文翻译：

---

印度南部纳马卡尔区帕利帕拉亚姆河中细河中淡水鱼的瑞玛索尔活性染料降解细菌

偶氮染料废水会在土壤和水中造成严重的污染问题，并影响全世界的动植物。淡水鱼肠中染料降解细菌的结合被认为是发展可持续环境的一种前瞻性方法。在印度的最南端，特别是在泰米尔纳德邦的纳马卡勒州，城市化和工业发展导致各种环境问题。取而代之的是，大多数较早的工作都是针对土壤和水源中细菌的细菌降解，而不是鱼类肠道菌群中的染料降解。这项研究的目的是分析染料降解细菌在从研究区域收集的淡水鱼肠中的作用。我们已经研究了细菌形成的富马酚黄活性染料的好氧降解，这些细菌形成了印度Namakkal区Pallipalayam河中的外来鱼类Oreochromis mossambica肠道菌群。八个染料降解肠分离物，即。假单胞菌 AD1，芽孢杆菌。AD2，葡萄球菌。AD3，葡萄球菌AD4，肠杆菌 AD5，大肠杆菌AD6，链球菌sp。AD7和梭状芽孢杆菌 获得了能够在掺入碱性矿物培养基（BMM）培养基中的偶氮染料中生长的AD8。针对所选菌株的各种参数进行了优化研究。基于该生长，在假单胞菌sp.pseudomonas sp。中观察到最大的生长。AD1（在0-24小时内），在大肠杆菌中最低； AD 6（在72-96小时内）。假单胞菌 AD1，肠杆菌属AD5和芽孢杆菌属 在FTIR分析中证实，AD 2在0-96小时的分析过程中显示出有效的染料降解。偶氮基团的损失在1572–76 cm-1和1429 cm-1处存在，并且存在伯（–NH2–）和仲酰胺（–NH2–），脂肪族–C–N–拉伸和确证的–C–S–拉伸FTIR分析中的结果证实了偶氮键的断裂。这项研究表明，有一个利用鱼肠细菌菌群的平台，为降解偶氮染料铺平了道路。