ABSTRACT

Introduction:Although advances in understanding the molecular basis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) have been made, surgery is the only curative therapy option and the overall prognosis of patients suffering from the disease remains poor. Therefore, estimation of prognosis based on known and novel biomarkers is essential for therapy guidance of CCA in both, curative and palliative settings.

Areas covered:An extensive literature search on biomarkers for CCA with special emphasis on prognosis was performed. Based on this, prognostic biomarkers from serum, tumor tissue and other compartments that are currently in use or under evaluation for CCA were summarized in this review. Furthermore, an overview of new biomarkers was provided including those determined from extracellular vesicles (EVs), metabolites and nucleic acids. Finally, prognostic markers associated with potential new therapy options for the treatment of CCA were summed up.

Expert opinion:So far, an optimal prognostic biomarker for CCA has not been described. However, based on the increasing knowledge about the molecular basis of CCA but also due to novel, innovative technologies, a plethora of novel prognostic biomarkers is currently under evaluation and will be available for CCA in future.

摘要

简介：尽管对胆管癌 (CCA) 分子基础的了解取得了进展，但手术是唯一的治愈性治疗选择，并且该病患者的总体预后仍然很差。因此，基于已知和新型生物标志物的预后评估对于 CCA 在治愈性和姑息性环境中的治疗指导至关重要。

涵盖的领域：对 CCA 的生物标志物进行了广泛的文献检索，特别强调了预后。基于此，本综述总结了目前正在使用或正在评估 CCA 的血清、肿瘤组织和其他部分的预后生物标志物。此外，还提供了新生物标志物的概述，包括从细胞外囊泡 (EV)、代谢物和核酸中确定的生物标志物。最后，总结了与潜在的 CCA 治疗新疗法相关的预后标志物。

专家意见：迄今为止，尚未描述 CCA 的最佳预后生物标志物。然而，基于对 CCA 分子基础知识的不断增加以及新技术的出现，大量新型预后生物标志物目前正在评估中，将来可用于 CCA。