Background

The mosquito vector control program still relies on the use of synthetic insecticides causes resistance in vector species. The application of alternative strategies using phytochemical sources is a possible way to eliminate the vector of dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses. In this study, we tested the larvicidal efficacy of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew), Mangifera indica (Mango), Gluta renghas (Rengas) and Melanochyla fasciculiflora (Rengas) methanolic extract from stems against Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti.

Methodology

The stem of A. occidentale, Mn. indica, G. renghas and Ml. fasciculiflora was extracted using Soxhlet extraction using methanol as a solvent. These crude extracts were tested on Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus using WHO larval bioassay. The chemical compounds were screening, and the fractions were confirmed using UPLC.

Results

Our study found Gluta renghas exhibited the strongest larvicidal efficacy toward Ae. albopictus at 607 mg/L and 976 mg/L for Ae. aegypti. In terms of order, Gl. renghas exhibited significantly best effectiveness, followed by Mn. indica, Ml. fasciculiflora and An. occidentale on both Aedes species. Screening results on chemical compounds found the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, reducing sugar, flavonoid, and steroid but the absence of alkaloids in all four plants. The fraction by UPLC confirmed the existence of five prominent peaks of quercetin at a retention time of 4.171–4.358 min and apigenin derivatives at 5.010 min in Gl. renghas. However, the higher concentration of apigenin and quercetin in the plant is not a contributing factor in the effectiveness of phytochemical on Aedes mosquitoes. Thus, suggested the larvicidal effects were derived from the combination and synergistic action between cumulative quercetin and apigenin compounds.

Conclusion

Gluta renghas had shown its ability to become the promising bio-larvicides due to the lower dose needed to cause the lethal effect to mosquito larvae. This finding is valuable for bio-larvicides to be integrated with the vector control program.

中文翻译：

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漆树科家族的上杀幼虫活动伊蚊和酚类化合物的鉴定：蚊子（双翅目蚊科）

背景

蚊媒的控制程序仍然依赖于使用合成杀虫剂对媒介物种产生抗药性。使用植物化学来源的替代策略的应用是消除登革热，基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒载体的一种可能方法。在这项研究中，我们测试的杀虫效力腰果（腰果），芒果（芒果），Gluta renghas（Rengas）和Melanochyla fasciculiflora（Rengas）甲醇提取物源于针对白纹伊蚊和阂。伊蚊。

方法

西方的A. occidentale的茎，锰。印度，雷格哈斯（G. renghas）和密西西比州（Ml。使用甲醇作为溶剂，通过索氏提取法提取束状花序。这些粗提取物在Ae上测试。埃及和埃及。白纹伊蚊采用WHO幼虫生物测定。筛选化合物，并使用UPLC确认级分。

结果

我们的研究发现，Gluta renghas对Ae表现出最强的杀幼虫功效。白藜芦醇为607 mg / L，Ae为976 mg / L。埃及 在顺序方面，Gl。伦加斯表现出明显的最佳效果，其次是锰。印第安那州 fasciculiflora和An。两种伊蚊属的西方动物。对化合物的筛选结果发现存在皂苷，单宁，生物碱，还原糖，类黄酮和类固醇，但在所有四种植物中均没有生物碱。UPLC的馏分证实，在Gl中，槲皮素存在五个突出峰，保留时间为4.171–4.358 min，芹菜素衍生物存在于5.010 min 。伦哈斯。但是，植物中芹菜素和槲皮素的浓度较高并不是影响植物化学成分对伊蚊的影响的因素。因此，提示杀幼虫剂作用是由累积槲皮素和芹菜素化合物之间的组合和协同作用产生的。

结论

由于对蚊虫幼虫具有致死作用所需的剂量较低，因此谷胱甘肽已显示出成为有前途的生物幼虫的能力。这一发现对于将生物杀幼虫剂与病媒控制程序整合在一起具有重要意义。