As an old Scottish proverb says, “give a Dog an ill Name, and he’ll soon be hanged.” Even when the signal has little to do with underlying reality, endorsement—or contempt—can produce lasting consequences for a person’s social position. The ease with which such pieces of folk wisdom translate across both time and species suggests that there is a general, and even perhaps universal, logic to hierarchies and how they form. Kawakatsu et al. (1) make an important advance in the quest for this kind of understanding, providing a general model for how subtle differences in individual-level decision-making can lead to hard-to-miss consequences for society as a whole.

中文翻译：

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从平等到等级【应用数学】

正如一句古老的苏格兰谚语所说：“给狗取一个坏名字，它很快就会被绞死。” 即使信号与潜在的现实几乎没有关系，认可或蔑视也会对一个人的社会地位产生持久的影响。这些民间智慧可以轻松地跨越时间和物种转化，这表明等级制度及其形成方式有一个普遍的，甚至可能是普遍的逻辑。川胜等人。( 1 ) 在寻求这种理解方面取得了重要进展，为个人决策中的细微差异如何导致整个社会难以忽视的后果提供了一个通用模型。