The study was conducted to clarify how early high plane of nutrition related to metabolic imprinting affected growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of grass-fed Wagyu (Japanese Black cattle). Wagyu steers were allocated randomly into 2 dietary groups: (1) steers fed milk replacer (crude protein 26.0%, crude fat 25.5%; maximum intake 0.6 kg/d) until 3 mo of age and then fed roughage (orchard grass hay) ad libitum from 4 to 10 mo of age (roughage group, RG; n = 11); (2) steers fed milk replacer (maximum intake of 1.8 kg/d) until 3 mo of age and then fed a high-concentrate diet from 4 to 10 mo of age (early high nutrition, EHN; n = 12). After 11 mo of age, all steers were fed roughage ad libitum until 31 mo of age and then slaughtered. Growth performance, carcass traits, longissimus muscle (LM) meat quality and intramuscular fat (IMF) content, plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentration, and bone mineral density were measured. Body weight was greater in EHN steers (571 kg) than RG steers (520 kg; P < 0.01). Plasma IGF-I levels were higher in EHN steers than in RG steers at 3, 10, and 14 mo of age (P < 0.01, P < 0.005, P < 0.001, respectively); however, plasma IGF-I levels were lower in EHN steers compared with RG steers at 30 mo of age (P < 0.01). The total weight of the muscles and bones of the left half of the carcass was not different between the 2 groups (P = 0.065). Five of the 19 muscles investigated (semimembranosus, P = 0.036; infraspinatus, P = 0.024; supraspinatus, P = 0.0019; serratus ventralis cervicis, P = 0.032; serratus ventralis thoracis, P = 0.027) were heavier in EHN steers. Total fat weight in the left half of the carcass was 30% greater (P = 0.025) in HNE carcasses. Subcutaneous and perirenal fat weights were 53% and 84% greater (P = 0.008, P = 0.002, respectively) in EHN carcasses. The LM IMF content was greater in EHN loins (13.2%) compared with RG loins (9.4%) at 31 mo of age (P = 0.038); however, no differences were found for shear force, tenderness, and cook loss. These results suggested early high-nutrition affected the growth and meat quality of livestock.

中文翻译：

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与代谢印迹事件相关的早期高营养对草饲和牛（日本黑牛）生长、胴体特征和肉质的影响

该研究旨在阐明与代谢印记相关的早期高水平营养如何影响草饲和牛（日本黑牛）的生长、胴体特征和肉质。和牛肉被随机分为 2 个饮食组：(1) 饲喂代乳粉（粗蛋白 26.0%，粗脂肪 25.5%；最大采食量 0.6 kg/d）至 3 个月大，然后饲喂粗饲料（果园干草）ad 4 到 10 个月的自由采食量（粗饲料组，RG；n = 11）；(2) 公牛饲喂代乳粉（最大摄入量为 1.8 公斤/天）直到 3 月龄，然后从 4 到 10 月龄饲喂高浓度日粮（早期高营养，EHN；n = 12）。11 月龄后，所有公牛随意饲喂粗饲料，直至 31 月龄，然后屠宰。生长性能、胴体性状、测量了最长肌 (LM) 肉质和肌内脂肪 (IMF) 含量、血浆胰岛素样生长因子 I (IGF-I) 浓度和骨矿物质密度。EHN 公牛的体重 (571 kg) 大于 RG 公牛 (520 kg; P < 0.01)。在 3、10 和 14 个月龄时，EHN 公牛的血浆 IGF-I 水平高于 RG 公牛（分别为 P < 0.01、P < 0.005、P < 0.001）；然而，在 30 月龄时，EHN 公牛的血浆 IGF-I 水平低于 RG 公牛（P < 0.01）。两组胴体左半部肌肉和骨骼的总重量无差异（P = 0.065）。研究的 19 块肌肉中有 5 块肌肉（半膜肌，P = 0.036；冈下肌，P = 0.024；冈上肌，P = 0.0019；宫颈锯肌，P = 0.032；胸腹锯肌，P = 0。027）在 EHN 转向中较重。在 HNE 胴体中，胴体左半部的总脂肪重量增加了 30% (P = 0.025)。EHN 胴体的皮下和肾周脂肪重量分别增加了 53% 和 84%（分别为 P = 0.008、P = 0.002）。在 31 个月龄时，EHN 腰部 (13.2%) 的 LM IMF 含量高于 RG 腰部 (9.4%) (P = 0.038)；然而，在剪切力、嫩度和蒸煮损失方面没有发现差异。这些结果表明，早期高营养会影响牲畜的生长和肉质。4%) 31 个月时 (P = 0.038)；然而，在剪切力、嫩度和蒸煮损失方面没有发现差异。这些结果表明，早期高营养会影响牲畜的生长和肉质。4%) 31 个月时 (P = 0.038)；然而，在剪切力、嫩度和蒸煮损失方面没有发现差异。这些结果表明，早期高营养会影响牲畜的生长和肉质。