Diurnal temperature fluctuations in nature can have a significant effect on many ectodermic traits. However, studies on the effects of diurnal temperature fluctuations on organisms, especially the effects on specific life stages, are still limited. We examined the immediate effects of the same average temperature (25°C) and different temperature amplitudes (±4, ±6, ±8, ±10, ±12°C) on the development and survival of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). We also assessed carry-over effects on adult longevity, reproduction, development, and survival of offspring across generations. The effect of moderate temperature amplitudes was similar to that of constant temperature. Wide temperature amplitudes inhibited the development of pupae, reduced total reproduction, lowered intrinsic rates of population growth, and slowed the development and survival of eggs on the first day, but the proportion of females ovipositing on the first three days increased. Insects coped with the adverse effects of wide temperature amplitudes by laying eggs as soon as possible. Our results confirmed that a logistic model based on daily average temperature cannot predict development rates under wide temperature amplitudes. These findings highlight the effect of environmental temperature fluctuations at the pupal stage on the development and oviposition patterns of P. xylostella and should be fully considered when predicting field occurrence.

中文翻译：

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小菜蛾蛹期昼夜温度幅度的跨代和跨代生活史响应

自然界中的昼夜温度波动会对许多外胚层性状产生显着影响。然而，关于昼夜温度波动对生物体的影响，特别是对特定生命阶段的影响的研究仍然有限。我们检查了相同平均温度（25°C）和不同温度幅度（±4、±6、±8、±10、±12°C）对小菜蛾（鳞翅目：小菜蛾）发育和生存的直接影响. 我们还评估了后代对成年寿命、繁殖、发育和生存的影响。中等温度幅度的影响类似于恒温。广泛的温度幅度抑制了蛹的发育，减少了总繁殖量，降低了种群的内在增长率，并在第一天减缓卵子的发育和存活，但前三天产卵的雌性比例增加。昆虫通过尽快产卵来应对宽温度幅度的不利影响。我们的结果证实，基于日平均温度的逻辑模型无法预测宽温度幅度下的发展速率。这些发现突出了蛹期环境温度波动对小菜蛾发育和产卵模式的影响，在预测田间发生时应充分考虑。我们的结果证实，基于日平均温度的逻辑模型无法预测宽温度幅度下的发展速率。这些发现突出了蛹期环境温度波动对小菜蛾发育和产卵模式的影响，在预测田间发生时应充分考虑。我们的结果证实，基于日平均温度的逻辑模型无法预测宽温度幅度下的发展速率。这些发现突出了蛹期环境温度波动对小菜蛾发育和产卵模式的影响，在预测田间发生时应充分考虑。