The presence of strong interactions in a many-body quantum system can lead to a variety of exotic effects. Here we show that even in a comparatively simple setup consisting of a charged impurity in a weakly interacting bosonic medium the competition of length scales gives rise to a highly correlated mesoscopic state. Using quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we unravel its vastly different polaronic properties compared to neutral quantum impurities. Moreover, we identify a transition between the regime amenable to conventional perturbative treatment in the limit of weak atom-ion interactions and a many-body bound state with vanishing quasi-particle residue composed of hundreds of atoms. In order to analyze the structure of the corresponding states, we examine the atom-ion and atom-atom correlation functions which both show nontrivial properties. Our findings are directly relevant to experiments using hybrid atom-ion setups that have recently attained the ultracold regime.

多体量子系统中强相互作用的存在会导致各种奇特的效应。在这里，我们表明，即使在相互作用较弱的玻色介质中由带电杂质组成的相对简单的结构中，长度尺度的竞争也会引起高度相关的介观状态。与中性量子杂质相比，使用量子蒙特卡洛模拟，我们可以揭示其截然不同的极化性质。此外，我们确定了在弱原子-离子相互作用的极限下适合常规微扰处理的机制与具有由数百个原子组成的准粒子残基消失的多体结合状态之间的过渡。为了分析相应状态的结构，我们检查了都具有非平凡特性的原子离子和原子原子相关函数。